1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ALISON M. HALL, Case No. 1:20-cv-01635-HBK 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION

FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND

13 v. REMANDING CASE TO COMMISSIONER1 14 KILOLO KIJAKAZI, ACTING (Doc. No. 19)

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL

15 SECURITY, 16 Defendant. 17 18 19 Alison M. Hall (“Plaintiff”) seeks judicial review of a final decision of the Commissioner 20 of Social Security (“Commissioner” or “Defendant”) denying her application for disability 21 insurance benefits under the Social Security Act. (Doc. No. 1). The matter is currently before the 22 Court on the parties’ briefs, which were submitted without oral argument. (Doc. Nos. 19, 22). 23 For the reasons stated, the Court orders this matter REMANDED for further administrative 24 proceedings. 25 I. JURISDICTION 26 Plaintiff protectively filed for disability insurance benefits on March 31, 2018, alleging an

27 1 Both parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a magistrate judge in accordance with 28 U.S.C. §636(c)(1). (Doc. No. 10). 28 1 onset date of May 1, 2017. (AR 161-62). At the hearing, the alleged onset date was amended to 2 August 9, 2018. (AR 33). Benefits were denied initially (AR 87-91), and upon reconsideration 3 (AR 96-101). Plaintiff appeared before Administrative Law Judge Jane M. Maccione (“ALJ”) on 4 April 7, 2020. (AR 29-54). Plaintiff was represented by counsel and testified at the hearing. 5 (Id.). On April 17, 2020, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision (AR 12-28), and on September 6 14, 2020 the Appeals Council denied review (AR 1-6). The matter is now before this Court 7 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3). 8 II. BACKGROUND 9 The facts of the case are set forth in the administrative hearing and transcripts, the ALJ’s 10 decision, and the briefs of Plaintiff and Commissioner. Only the most pertinent facts are 11 summarized here. 12 Plaintiff was 58 years old at the time of the hearing. (See AR 174). She has her GED. 13 (AR 179). She lives with her husband and son. (See AR 48). Plaintiff has work history as a 14 medical transcriber, office clerk, customer service representative, telephone solicitor, and fab 15 check. (AR 34-43, 50). Plaintiff testified that she is unable to work because of pain “all the 16 time,” she cannot do anything repetitive, and she cannot sit, stand, or walk for long periods. (AR 17 44). She has severe pain in her neck, both shoulder, torso, and lower back. (AR 44-45). Plaintiff 18 reported that she can sit for 15 minutes before she needs to stand up, stand for ten or fifteen 19 minutes before she needs to sit down, and can walk half a block before she has to stop and rest. 20 (AR 45). She uses a cane when walking because pain and spasms have made her fall “many 21 times.” (AR 49). 22 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW 23 A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security is 24 governed by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The scope of review under § 405(g) is limited; the 25 Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or 26 is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 1158 (9th Cir. 2012). “Substantial 27 evidence” means “relevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 28 conclusion.” Id. at 1159 (quotation and citation omitted). Stated differently, substantial evidence 1 equates to “more than a mere scintilla[,] but less than a preponderance.” Id. (quotation and 2 citation omitted). In determining whether the standard has been satisfied, a reviewing court must 3 consider the entire record as a whole rather than searching for supporting evidence in isolation. 4 Id. 5 In reviewing a denial of benefits, a district court may not substitute its judgment for that of 6 the Commissioner. “The court will uphold the ALJ’s conclusion when the evidence is susceptible 7 to more than one rational interpretation.” Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th Cir. 8 2008). Further, a district court will not reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is 9 harmless. Id. An error is harmless where it is “inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] ultimate 10 nondisability determination.” Id. (quotation and citation omitted). The party appealing the ALJ’s 11 decision generally bears the burden of establishing that it was harmed. Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 12 U.S. 396, 409-10 (2009). 13 IV. FIVE-STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 14 A claimant must satisfy two conditions to be considered “disabled” within the meaning of 15 the Social Security Act. First, the claimant must be “unable to engage in any substantial gainful 16 activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be 17 expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period 18 of not less than twelve months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). Second, the claimant’s impairment 19 must be “of such severity that he is not only unable to do his previous work[,] but cannot, 20 considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial 21 gainful work which exists in the national economy.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(A). 22 The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential analysis to determine whether a 23 claimant satisfies the above criteria. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v). At step one, the 24 Commissioner considers the claimant’s work activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If the 25 claimant is engaged in “substantial gainful activity,” the Commissioner must find that the 26 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(b). 27 If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the analysis proceeds to step 28 two. At this step, the Commissioner considers the severity of the claimant’s impairment. 20 1 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant suffers from “any impairment or combination of 2 impairments which significantly limits [his or her] physical or mental ability to do basic work 3 activities,” the analysis proceeds to step three. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c). If the claimant’s 4 impairment does not satisfy this severity threshold, however, the Commissioner must find that the 5 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c). 6 At step three, the Commissioner compares the claimant’s impairment to severe 7 impairments recognized by the Commissioner to be so severe as to preclude a person from 8 engaging in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If the impairment is as 9 severe or more severe than one of the enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must find the 10 claimant disabled and award benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(d). 11 If the severity of the claimant’s impairment does not meet or exceed the severity of the 12 enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must pause to assess the claimant’s “residual 13 functional capacity.” Residual functional capacity (RFC), defined generally as the claimant’s 14 ability to perform physical and mental work activities on a sustained basis despite his or her 15 limitations, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1), is relevant to both the fourth and fifth steps of the 16 analysis. 17 At step four, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s RFC, the 18 claimant is capable of performing work that he or she has performed in the past (past relevant 19 work). 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant is capable of performing past relevant 20 work, the Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(f). If 21 the claimant is incapable of performing such work, the analysis proceeds to step five. 22 At step five, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s RFC, the 23 claimant is capable of performing other work in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 24 404.1520(a)(4)(v). In making this determination, the Commissioner must also consider 25 vocational factors such as the claimant’s age, education and past work experience. 20 C.F.R. § 26 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If the claimant is capable of adjusting to other work, the Commissioner must 27 find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(g)(1). If the claimant is not capable 28 of adjusting to other work, analysis concludes with a finding that the claimant is disabled and is 1 therefore entitled to benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(g)(1). 2 The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four above. Tackett v. Apfel, 3 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). If the analysis proceeds to step five, the burden shifts to the 4 Commissioner to establish that (1) the claimant is capable of performing other work; and (2) such 5 work “exists in significant numbers in the national economy.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1560(c)(2); 6 Beltran v. Astrue, 700 F.3d 386, 389 (9th Cir. 2012). 7 V. ALJ’S FINDINGS 8 At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful activity 9 since August 9, 2018, the amended alleged onset date. (AR 17). At step two, the ALJ found that 10 Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: arthritis of the bilateral hips, annular fissure and 11 symmetric bulge of the L4 to L5 disc with lumbar spondylosis, degenerative disc disease of the 12 cervical spine, and fibromyalgia. (AR 17). At step three, the ALJ found that Plaintiff does not 13 have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of 14 a listed impairment. (AR 19). The ALJ then found that Plaintiff has the RFC 15 to perform a range of light work as defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b), except she is able to stand and/or walk for up to four hours, 16 cumulatively, through the workday; she is able to sit for about six hours, cumulatively, through the workday. She is able to climb 17 ramps and stairs occasionally; she cannot climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds. She is able to balance, stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl 18 occasionally. She is able to reach overhead frequently, bilaterally. She must avoid concentrated exposure to extremes of cold. She must 19 be protected from workplace hazards, such as unprotected heights and dangerous moving mechanical parts. She requires a cane for 20 ambulation. Finally, she requires the ability to sit or stand, alternating every 30 minutes without time off task. 21 22 (AR 20). At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was capable of performing past relevant work 23 as a telephone solicitor. (AR 23). On that basis, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff has not been 24 under a disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, from May 1, 2017, through the date of 25 the decision. (AR 23). 26 VI. ISSUES 27 Plaintiff seeks judicial review of the Commissioner’s final decision denying her disability 28 insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act. (Doc. No. 1). Plaintiff raises the 1 following issues for this Court’s review: 2 1. Whether the ALJ properly considered the medical opinion evidence; and 3 2. Whether the ALJ properly considered Plaintiff’s subjective complaints. 4 (Doc. No. 19 at 7-18). 5 VII. DISCUSSION 6 A. Medical Opinion Evidence 7 For claims filed on or after March 27, 2017, new regulations apply that change the 8 framework for how an ALJ must evaluate medical opinion evidence. Revisions to Rules 9 Regarding the Evaluation of Medical Evidence, 2017 WL 168819, 82 Fed. Reg. 5844-01 (Jan. 18, 10 2017); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c. The new regulations provide that the ALJ will no longer “give 11 any specific evidentiary weight…to any medical opinion(s)…” Revisions to Rules, 2017 WL 12 168819, 82 Fed. Reg. 5844, at 5867-68; see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a). Instead, an ALJ must 13 consider and evaluate the persuasiveness of all medical opinions or prior administrative medical 14 findings from medical sources. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a) and (b). The factors for evaluating the 15 persuasiveness of medical opinions and prior administrative medical findings include 16 supportability, consistency, relationship with the claimant (including length of the treatment, 17 frequency of examinations, purpose of the treatment, extent of the treatment, and the existence of 18 an examination), specialization, and “other factors that tend to support or contradict a medical 19 opinion or prior administrative medical finding” (including, but not limited to, “evidence showing 20 a medical source has familiarity with the other evidence in the claim or an understanding of our 21 disability program’s policies and evidentiary requirements”). 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(1)-(5). 22 Supportability and consistency are the most important factors, and therefore the ALJ is 23 required to explain how both factors were considered. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2). 24 Supportability and consistency are explained in the regulations: 25 (1) Supportability. The more relevant the objective medical evidence and supporting explanations presented by a medical source are to support his or 26 her medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical finding(s), the more persuasive the medical opinions or prior administrative medical finding(s) 27 will be. 28 (2) Consistency. The more consistent a medical opinion(s) or prior 1 administrative medical finding(s) is with the evidence from other medical sources and nonmedical sources in the claim, the more persuasive the 2 medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical finding(s) will be. 3 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(1)-(2). The ALJ may, but is not required to, explain how the other 4 factors were considered. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(2). However, when two or more medical 5 opinions or prior administrative findings “about the same issue are both equally well-supported ... 6 and consistent with the record ... but are not exactly the same,” the ALJ is required to explain how 7 “the other most persuasive factors in paragraphs (c)(3) through (c)(5)” were considered. 20 8 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)(3). 9 The Ninth Circuit has additionally held that the new regulatory framework displaces the 10 longstanding case law requiring an ALJ to provide “specific and legitimate” or “clear and 11 convincing” reasons for rejecting a treating or examining doctor’s opinion. Woods v. Kijakazi, 32 12 F.4th 785 (9th Cir. 2022). Nonetheless, in rejecting an examining or treating doctor's opinion as 13 unsupported or inconsistent, an ALJ must still provide an explanation supported by substantial 14 evidence. Id. This means that the ALJ “must ‘articulate ... how persuasive’ [he or she] finds ‘all 15 of the medical opinions’ from each doctor or other source ... and ‘explain how [he or she] 16 considered the supportability and consistency factors’ in reaching these findings.” Id. (citing 20 17 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(b), 404.1520(b)(2)). 18 Plaintiff argues the ALJ erroneously rejected the opinions of Plaintiff’s treating physician, 19 Athena Halol, M.D., particularly in light of Plaintiff’s fibromyalgia diagnosis. (Doc. No. 19 at 7- 20 12). Dr. Halol was Plaintiff’s primary treatment provider from May 2018 through January 2020. 21 In November 2018, March 2019, June 2019, and December 2019, Dr. Halol assessed identical 22 restrictions on Plaintiff’s ability to work, including only occasional standing/walking (up to 25% 23 of shift); no bending, twisting, climbing ladders, and use of scaffold; occasional neck motions, 24 reaching above shoulders, and repetitive hand motions; and no more than 5 pounds of lifting, 25 carrying, pushing, and pulling. (AR 440, 575, 679, 857-58). The ALJ found Dr. Halol’s opinions 26 “not persuasive” because “they are not supported by nor consistent with the objective evidence, 27 outlined above, which demonstrates that the claimant retains a greater functional capacity. 28 Moreover, they fail to cite any objective findings or other evidence supporting any need for such 1 restrictive limitations.” (AR 22). 2 First, as to the consistency factor, the ALJ generally found Dr. Halol’s opinion less 3 persuasive because it is not consistent with the “objective evidence.” (AR 22). In support of this 4 finding, the ALJ relies on a brief summary, earlier in the decision, of “mostly minimal to mild or 5 mild to moderate degenerative changes” noted on “imaging studies”; and examination findings 6 that showed full range of motion, intact sensation without numbness or parasthesias, near full 7 motor strength, normal reflexes, no atrophy, no edema, and “intact neurological functioning.” 8 (AR 21 (citing AR 267-412, 413-34, 441-96, 530-1046)). However, the ALJ also generally cited 9 the same 741 pages of the entire 781-page longitudinal medical record that included “abnormal” 10 findings of subjective pain, tenderness to palpation, muscle spasms, positive tender points, 11 stiffness, a mild limp at times, and ambulation with a cane on occasion. (AR 21). Plaintiff argues 12 this “short summary of the medical evidence offers nothing to explain the conclusion that the 13 treatment record in this case does not support, or contradicts, Dr. Halol’s opinions.” (Doc. No. 19 14 at 11). The Court agrees. While the longitudinal record contains evidence of “normal” clinical 15 findings, as noted by Plaintiff, it also includes consistent reports by Plaintiff of difficulty sleeping, 16 hand tremors, fatigue, and pain in her legs, thighs, neck, upper back, shoulders, torso, and feet; 17 and ongoing clinical findings of positive Patrick’s test, positive facet loading, pain at all 18 fibromyalgia trigger points, limited range of motion, muscle spasms, antalgic gait, tenderness in 19 lower back, hips, neck, shoulders, trunk, and feet. (Doc No. 19 at 9; AR 272, 275, 278-79, 285, 20 295, 300-01, 322, 331, 420-21, 428-29, 560, 574-76, 679-80, 784-85, 820, 858, 894, 897, 959, 21 963). Plaintiff was also prescribed a cane after she experienced multiple falls. (AR 428-29). 22 When considering the medical opinion evidence, the ALJ must do more than state a 23 conclusion; rather, the ALJ must “set forth his own interpretations and explain why they, rather 24 than the doctors’, are correct.” Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 725 (9th Cir. 1998); Brown- 25 Hunter, 806 F.3d at 495 (a court “cannot substitute [the court's] conclusions for the ALJ’s, or 26 speculate as to the grounds for the ALJ's conclusions. Although the ALJ’s analysis need not be 27 extensive, the ALJ must provide some reasoning in order for [the court] to meaningfully 28 determine whether the ALJ’s conclusions were supported by substantial evidence.”). “This can 1 be done by setting out a detailed and thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical 2 evidence, stating his interpretation thereof, and making findings.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 725. In 3 addition, as noted above, the Ninth Circuit recently clarified that under the new regulations for 4 considering medical evidence, “an ALJ cannot reject an examining or treating doctor’s opinion as 5 unsupported or inconsistent without providing an explanation supported by substantial evidence. 6 The agency must ‘articulate … how persuasive’ it finds ‘all of the medical opinions’ from each 7 doctor or other source, and ‘explain how [it] considered the supportability and consistency 8 factors’ in reaching these findings.” Woods, 32 F.4th at 792 (internal citations omitted). Here, 9 the ALJ fails to explain how any of the specific limitations assessed by Dr. Halol are inconsistent 10 with “objective findings” in the medical evidence of record, which is notably comprised largely 11 of Dr. Halol’s own treatment notes. This is error. 12 Plaintiff additionally argues that the ALJ failed to adequately evaluate the medical 13 evidence “in light of the unique nature of fibromyalgia.” (Doc. No. 19 at 8). Defendant did not 14 address this issue. While the ALJ did find that fibromyalgia was a severe impairment, and briefly 15 mentioned that she “adequately considered” SSR 12-2p at step three, she did not consider the 16 unique nature of fibromyalgia, and did not discuss SSR 12-2p at any point when considering the 17 “objective” medical evidence. See SSR 12-2p, 2012 WL 3104869 (providing guidance on how to 18 evaluate fibromyalgia in disability claims). It is well settled in the Ninth Circuit that fibromyalgia 19 is a disease that eludes objective measurement. Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 594 (9th Cir. 20 2004). “[A] person with fibromyalgia may have ‘muscle strength, sensory functions, and reflexes 21 [that] are normal.’” Revels v. Berryhill, 874 F.3d 648, 663 (9th Cir. 2017). Normal objective 22 examination results can be “perfectly consistent with debilitating fibromyalgia.” Id. at 666. 23 Thus, “[i]n evaluating whether a claimant’s residual functional capacity renders them disabled 24 because of fibromyalgia, the medical evidence must be construed in light of fibromyalgia’s 25 unique symptoms and diagnostic methods.” Id. at 662. Namely, fibromyalgia “is diagnosed 26 ‘entirely on the basis of patients’ reports of pain and other symptoms,’ and ‘there are no 27 laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis.’” Id. at 666 (citing Benecke, 379 F.3d at 590) (noting 28 that tender-point examinations constitute “objective medical evidence” of fibromyalgia). 1 Moreover, “the symptoms of fibromyalgia ‘wax and wane,’ and a person may have ‘bad days and 2 good days.’” Id. 3 While the ALJ generally summarized objective evidence that would tend to support her 4 conclusion that Dr. Halol’s opinion is inconsistent with the objective evidence, there is no 5 analysis of the evidence typically associated with fibromyalgia. SSR 12-2p notes that 6 fibromyalgia symptoms can wax and wane, and the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia, such 7 as widespread pain and fatigue, can cause exertional limitations, and fibromyalgia can cause 8 nonexertional limitations, such as postural and environmental limitations. SSR 12-2p, 2012 WL 9 3104869. Most notably, the ALJ failed to consider Dr. Halol’s consistent findings of positive 10 fibromyalgia tender-points, which themselves constitute objective medical evidence of 11 fibromyalgia pursuant to SSR 12-2p. Revels, 874 F.3d at 663 (citing SSR 12-2p, at *2-3). Based 12 on the foregoing, the ALJ’s general finding that Dr. Halol’s opinion was not persuasive because it 13 was “not consistent with the objective evidence,” including some normal findings of strength and 14 sensation, with no specific analysis of evidence of Plaintiff’s fibromyalgia, is not supported by 15 substantial evidence. 16 Second, as to the supportability factor, the ALJ generally found that Dr. Halol “failed to 17 cite any objective findings or other evidence supporting any need for such restrictive limitations.” 18 (AR 22). As noted above, when considering the medical opinion evidence, the ALJ must do more 19 than state a conclusion; rather, the ALJ must “set forth his own interpretations and explain why 20 they, rather than the doctors,’ are correct.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 725; Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 21 495 (a court “cannot substitute [the court’s] conclusions for the ALJ’s, or speculate as to the 22 grounds for the ALJ’s conclusions. Although the ALJ’s analysis need not be extensive, the ALJ 23 must provide some reasoning in order for [the court] to meaningfully determine whether the 24 ALJ’s conclusions were supported by substantial evidence.”). Here, the ALJ fails to explain with 25 requisite specificity how the consistently abnormal clinical findings by Dr. Halol, as detailed 26 above, and including consistently assessed pain at all the fibromyalgia trigger points, does not 27 support the limitations opined by Dr. Halol. 28 Defendant argues that Dr. Halol’s treatment notes “simply reflected Plaintiff’s subjective 1 complaints and recommended conservative measures, including medications and physical 2 [therapy], and referred to some minor abnormalities such as using a cane and having some 3 tenderness and limited range of motion. She never explained how these mild findings would 4 support an inability to lift more than 5 pounds, or an inability to stand only 25% of the day or 5 walk only 25% of the day.” (Doc. No. 22 at 9). In assessing the supportability factor under 20 6 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(c)(1), the ALJ is instructed that “the more relevant the objective medical 7 evidence and supporting explanations presented by a medical source are to support his or her 8 medical opinion(s) or prior administrative medical finding(s), the more persuasive the medical 9 opinions or prior administrative medical finding(s) will be.” Thus, reasoning such as that offered 10 by Defendant would be particularly relevant in the ALJ’s assessment of the persuasiveness of Dr. 11 Halol’s opinion under the supportability factor. However, the Court is not permitted to consider 12 reasoning that was not offered by the ALJ in the decision. Bray v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 13 554 F.3d 1219, 1226 (9th Cir. 2009) (the Court “review[s] the ALJ's decision based on the 14 reasoning and factual findings offered by the ALJ—not post hoc rationalizations that attempt to 15 intuit what the adjudicator may have been thinking.”). Here, the ALJ found Dr. Halol’s opinion 16 was less persuasive based solely on an alleged failure to cite objective findings to support “such 17 restrictive limitations.” (AR 22). However, as noted above, this is not supported by Dr. Halol’s 18 own clinical findings, often in the same treatment notes as the opined limitations, that Plaintiff 19 was positive for muscle spasms, had limited range of motion, had pain on all fibromyalgia trigger 20 points on palpation, used a cane, had antalgic and slow gait, and had tenderness across her neck, 21 back, and hips. (AR 575, 679-80, 857-58). For all of these reasons, the ALJ’s finding that Dr. 22 Halol’s opinion was less persuasive because of an alleged failure to cite “any objective findings” 23 is not supported by substantial evidence. 24 Third, the ALJ found “both [of Dr. Halol’s] opinions are expressly limited to specific and 25 nonconsecutive three-month periods including November 27, 2018 through February 27, 2019 26 and December 5, 2019 through March 5, 2020, which demonstrates that the limitations were 27 intended to be short term rather than permanent.” (AR 22). To be found disabled, a claimant 28 must be unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity due to an impairment which “can be 1 expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period 2 of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); see also Chaudhry v. Astrue, 688 F.3d 3 661, 672 (9th Cir. 2012). As an initial matter, the Court notes that the ALJ does not specifically 4 cite to any of the opinions provided by Dr. Halol; rather, she again generally cites medical records 5 totaling 741 pages. Moreover, this reasoning is unsupported by the record. As noted by Plaintiff, 6 Dr. Halol limited Plaintiff’s work activities on four separate occasions over the course of more 7 than a year between November 27, 2018 and December 5, 2019. It is well-taken that Dr. Halol 8 did not specifically opine as to the overall expected duration of the assessed limitations; however, 9 the ALJ also failed to support a finding that the limitations assessed across the relevant 10 adjudicatory period “were intended to be short term rather than permanent.” Thus, to the extent it 11 was offered as a reason to reject Dr. Halol’s opinion, a finding that her ongoing assessment of 12 limitations was intended to be “short term” is not supported by substantial evidence. 13 The Court finds the ALJ’s findings as to the consistency and supportability of Dr. Halol’s 14 opinions are not supported by substantial evidence. On remand the ALJ must reconsider Dr. 15 Halol’s opinions. 16 B. Symptom Claims 17 Plaintiff additionally challenges the ALJ’s rejection of Plaintiff’s symptom claims. (Doc. 18 No. 19 at 12-18). The ALJ rejected Plaintiff’s symptom claims because (1) they are not 19 supported by the medical record including “notable objective findings”; (2) they are inconsistent 20 with Plaintiff’s daily activities; (3) Plaintiff has received conservative treatment that has provided 21 “adequate relief of the alleged symptoms”; and (4) the record shows that Plaintiff continued to 22 work “at some capacity” during the relevant adjudicatory period. (AR 21). Because the ALJ’s 23 assessment of Plaintiff’s symptom claims is at least partially dependent on the ALJ’s reevaluation 24 of medical evidence, including the treating opinion of Dr. Halol, as discussed above, the Court 25 declines to address these challenges in detail here. On remand, the ALJ is instructed to reconsider 26 Plaintiff’s symptom claims and the medical opinion evidence, and conduct a new sequential 27 analysis, including a reassessment of the steps four and five finding if necessary. 28 ///// 1 C. Remedy 2 Plaintiff contends that the Court should remand for a payment of benefits. (Doc. No. 19 at 3 18). The decision whether to remand for further proceedings or reverse and award benefits is 4 within the discretion of the district court. McAllister v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 603 (9th Cir. 5 1989). An immediate award of benefits is appropriate where “no useful purpose would be served 6 by further administrative proceedings, or where the record has been thoroughly developed,” 7 Varney v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 859 F.2d 1396, 1399 (9th Cir. 1988), or when the 8 delay caused by remand would be “unduly burdensome[.]” Terry v. Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1273, 9 1280 (9th Cir. 1990); see also Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1021 (noting that a district court may abuse 10 its discretion not to remand for benefits when all of these conditions are met). This policy is 11 based on the “need to expedite disability claims.” Varney, 859 F.2d at 1401. But where there are 12 outstanding issues that must be resolved before a determination can be made, and it is not clear 13 from the record that the ALJ would be required to find a claimant disabled if all the evidence 14 were properly evaluated, remand is appropriate. See Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 595-96 15 (9th Cir. 2004); Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1179-80 (9th Cir. 2000). 16 The Court finds that further administrative proceedings are appropriate. See Treichler v. 17 Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1103-04 (9th Cir. 2014) (remand for benefits is not 18 appropriate when further administrative proceedings would serve a useful purpose). Here, the 19 ALJ improperly considered the medical evidence of record, which calls into question whether the 20 assessed RFC, and resulting hypothetical propounded to the vocational expert, are supported by 21 substantial evidence. “Where,” as here, “there is conflicting evidence, and not all essential 22 factual issues have been resolved, a remand for an award of benefits is inappropriate.” Treichler, 23 775 F.3d at 1101. Instead, the Court remands this case for further proceedings. On remand, the 24 ALJ should reevaluate all relevant medical opinions, as well as Plaintiff’s symptom claims. If 25 necessary, the ALJ should order additional consultative examinations and, if appropriate, take 26 additional testimony from medical experts. The ALJ should conduct a new sequential analysis, 27 reassess Plaintiff’s RFC and, if necessary, take additional testimony from a vocational expert 28 which includes all of the limitations credited by the ALJ. 1 Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 2 1. Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. No. 19) is GRANTED. 3 2. Pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C.§ 405(g), the Court REVERSES the 4 Commissioner’s decision and REMANDS this case back to the Commissioner of 5 Social Security for further proceedings consistent with this Order. 6 3. An application for attorney fees may be filed by separate motion. 7 4. The Clerk shall terminate any motions and deadlines and close this case. 8 ” | Dated: _ September 2. 2022 Mihaw. □□□ foareA Zacks 10 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA 4 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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