1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CHASE MATTHEW LENTZ, No. 2:21-cv-0071 DAD DB PS 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary of the Interior, 15 16 Defendant. 17 18 Plaintiff Chase Matthew Lentz is proceeding in this action pro se. This matter was 19 referred to the undersigned in accordance with Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). 20 Pending before the undersigned are defendant’s motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 21 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and motion to strike plaintiff’s sur-reply. (ECF Nos. 22 22 & 27.) Having reviewed the parties’ briefing, and for the reasons stated below, the 23 undersigned will recommend that defendant’s motion for summary judgment be granted. 24 BACKGROUND 25 Plaintiff, proceeding pro se, commenced this action on January 14, 2021, by filing a 26 complaint and a motion to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF Nos. 1 & 2.) Therein, plaintiff 27 alleges that plaintiff was “employed as a permanent GS-11 Botanist at the Department of Interior 28 Bureau of Land Management Field Office in Redding, CA,” beginning on October 15, 2006. 1 (Compl (ECF No. 1) at 8.1) Plaintiff is a “qualified individual with disabilities who . . . never had 2 a performance rating below fully successful.” (Id.) 3 Plaintiff filed multiple complaints with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 4 (“EEOC”) between March 23, 2012, and January 15, 2015, regarding harassment, discrimination, 5 and/or retaliation. (Id.) Thereafter, defendant subjected plaintiff to adverse employment actions 6 including being passed over for supervisory detail, being subject to disciplinary action, receiving 7 lower performance evaluations, and changes to the terms and conditions of employment. (Id. at 8 15-25.) 9 In this regard, the complaint alleges that plaintiff was denied a performance award for the 10 year 2011. (Id. at 24.) In May of 2012, plaintiff requested to be considered for a vacant 11 Supervisory Natural Resources Specialist position in the Redding Field Office. (Id. at 15-16.) 12 Despite repeated applications plaintiff was not selected for the position. (Id.) In 2013 and 2014, 13 plaintiff was given lower performance evaluations. (Id. at 19.) On May 15, 2014, plaintiff was 14 issued a Letter of Reprimand. (Id. at 17.) Plaintiff was latter threated with, and received, a 15 suspension. (Id. at 18.) Around this time the defendant improperly disclosed plaintiff’s medical 16 information “by filing it in [a] local personnel file.” (Id. at 24.) 17 On multiple occasions in 2013 and 2014, plaintiff requested reasonable accommodations 18 as a qualified individual with a disability. (Id. at 20.) Plaintiff’s requests were not granted and 19 instead plaintiff was punished for making those requests. (Id. at 20-21.) Plaintiff resigned on 20 February 13, 2015. (Id. at 22.) Thereafter, defendant repeatedly gave plaintiff inaccurate and 21 negative employment references. (Id. at 23.) 22 Pursuant to these allegations the complaint alleges claims for failure to promote, failure to 23 accommodate, unequal treatment, and retaliation in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, 24 the American with Disabilities Act, and the Rehabilitation Act.2 (Id. at 3-4.) Defendant filed an 25

26 1 Page number citations such as this one are to the page number reflected on the court’s CM/ECF system and not to page numbers assigned by the parties. 27 2 Identifying the exact contours of all of plaintiff’s claims and allegations is made difficult by the 28 1 answer on April 26, 2021. (ECF No. 8.) On June 10, 2022, defendant filed the pending motion 2 for summary judgment. (ECF No. 22.) Plaintiff filed an opposition on June 16, 2022. (ECF No. 3 24.) Defendant filed a reply on June 27, 2022. (ECF No. 25.) On July 1, 2022, plaintiff filed a 4 sur-reply. (ECF No. 26.) Defendant filed a motion to strike plaintiff’s sur-reply on July 15, 5 2022.3 (ECF No. 27.) 6 STANDARDS 7 I. Summary Judgment 8 Summary judgment is appropriate when the moving party “shows that there is no genuine 9 dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. 10 Civ. P. 56(a). Under summary judgment practice, the moving party “initially bears the burden of 11 proving the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” In re Oracle Corp. Securities Litigation, 12 627 F.3d 376, 387 (9th Cir. 2010) (citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986)). 13 The moving party may accomplish this by “citing to particular parts of materials in the record, 14 including depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, 15 stipulations (including those made for purposes of the motion only), admission, interrogatory 16 answers, or other materials” or by showing that such materials “do not establish the absence or 17 presence of a genuine dispute, or that the adverse party cannot produce admissible evidence to 18 support the fact.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(A), (B). When the non-moving party bears the burden 19 of proof at trial, “the moving party need only prove that there is an absence of evidence to support 20 the nonmoving party’s case.” Oracle Corp., 627 F.3d at 387 (citing Celotex, 477 U.S. at 325); see 21 also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(1)(B). 22 Indeed, summary judgment should be entered, after adequate time for discovery and upon 23 motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an 24 element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at 25 3 Defendant’s motion to strike notes that the filing of a sur-reply is not authorized by the Federal 26 Rules of Civil Procedure or the Local Rules. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12; Local Rule 230. Nonetheless, in light of plaintiff’s pro se status, and having found that that defendant’s motion for 27 summary judgment should be granted, the undersigned has considered the sur-reply in evaluating defendant’s motion for summary judgment. The undersigned will, therefore, recommend that 28 1 trial. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322. “[A] complete failure of proof concerning an essential 2 element of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Id. In 3 such a circumstance, summary judgment should be granted, “so long as whatever is before the 4 district court demonstrates that the standard for entry of summary judgment . . . is satisfied.” Id. 5 at 323. 6 If the moving party meets its initial responsibility, the burden then shifts to the opposing 7 party to establish that a genuine issue as to any material fact actually does exist. See Matsushita 8 Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986). In attempting to establish the 9 existence of this factual dispute, the opposing party may not rely upon the allegations or denials 10 of its pleadings but is required to tender evidence of specific facts in the form of affidavits, and/or 11 admissible discovery material, in support of its contention that the dispute exists. See Fed. R. 12 Civ. P. 56(c)(1); Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 586 n.11. 13 The opposing party must demonstrate that the fact in contention is material, i.e., a fact that 14 might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law, see Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 15 Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986); T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc. v. Pacific Elec. Contractors Ass’n, 809 F.2d 16 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987), and that the dispute is genuine, i.e., the evidence is such that a 17 reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party. See Wool v. Tandem Computers, 18 Inc., 818 F.2d 1433, 1436 (9th Cir. 1987). 19 In the endeavor to establish the existence of a factual dispute, the opposing party need not 20 establish a material issue of fact conclusively in its favor. It is sufficient that “the claimed factual 21 dispute be shown to require a jury or judge to resolve the parties’ differing versions of the truth at 22 trial.” T.W. Elec. Serv., 809 F.2d at 631. Thus, the “purpose of summary judgment is to ‘pierce 23 the pleadings and to assess the proof in order to see whether there is a genuine need for trial.’” 24 Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587 (citations omitted). “In short, what is required to defeat summary 25 judgment is simply evidence ‘such that a reasonable juror drawing all inferences in favor of the 26 respondent could return a verdict in the respondent’s favor.’” Zetwick v. County of Yolo, 850 27 F.3d 436, 441 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting Reza v. Pearce, 806 F.3d 497, 505 (9th Cir. 2015)). 28 //// 1 “In evaluating the evidence to determine whether there is a genuine issue of fact,” the 2 court draws “all reasonable inferences supported by the evidence in favor of the non-moving 3 party.” Walls v. Central Costa County Transit Authority, 653 F.3d 963, 966 (9th Cir. 2011). It is 4 the opposing party’s obligation to produce a factual predicate from which the inference may be 5 drawn. See Richards v. Nielsen Freight Lines, 602 F. Supp. 1224, 1244-45 (E.D. Cal. 1985), 6 aff’d, 810 F.2d 898, 902 (9th Cir. 1987). Finally, to demonstrate a genuine issue, the opposing 7 party “must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material 8 facts . . . . Where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the 9 nonmoving party, there is no ‘genuine issue for trial.’” Matsushita, 475 U.S. at 587 (citation 10 omitted). 11 II. Title VII 12 “Title VII exists in large part ‘to make persons whole for injuries suffered on account of 13 unlawful employment discrimination.’” Clemens v. Centurylink Inc., 874 F.3d 1113, 1115 (9th 14 Cir. 2017) (quoting Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422 U.S. 405, 418 (1975)). To this end, 15 “Title VII forbids certain employers from ‘discriminat[ing] against any individual with respect to 16 [her] compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s 17 race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.’” Campbell v. Hawaii Department of Education, 892 18 F.3d 1005, 1012 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1)). 19 III. The Rehabilitation Act 20 “The Rehabilitation Act [of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq.] was the first major federal 21 statute designed to protect the rights of . . . the handicapped people of this country.” Smith v. 22 Barton, 914 F.2d 1330, 1338 (9th Cir. 1990). “Section 504 creates a private right of action for 23 individuals subjected to disability discrimination by any program or activity receiving federal 24 financial assistance including employment discrimination in such programs.” Fleming v. Yuma 25 Regional Medical Center, 587 F.3d 938, 940 (9th Cir. 2009) (citations omitted). 26 IV. Americans with Disabilities Act 27 “Congress enacted the ADA ‘to provide clear, strong, consistent, enforceable standards 28 addressing discrimination against individuals with disabilities.’” Arizona ex rel. Goddard v. 1 Harkins Amusement Enterprises, Inc., 603 F.3d 666, 669 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2 12101(b)(2)). Pursuant to the ADA: 3 No covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard 4 to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, 5 conditions, and privileges of employment. 6 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a).4 7 “A person is ‘regarded as’ having a disability ‘if the individual establishes that he or she 8 has been subjected to an action prohibited under this chapter because of an actual or perceived 9 physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a 10 major life activity.’” Scott v. Napolitano, 717 F.Supp.2d 1071, 1086 (S.D. Cal. 2010) (quoting 42 11 U.S.C. § 12102(3)(A)). 12 DEFENDANT’S STATEMENT OF UNDISPUTED FACTS 13 Defendant’s statement of undisputed facts—supported by citation to declarations, exhibits, 14 and transcripts from plaintiff’s deposition—evidences, in relevant part, the following. The other 15 employees in plaintiff’s unit who received the same rating as plaintiff also did not receive a 16 performance award for 2011. The only employees in plaintiff’s unit who received a performance 17 award had higher performance ratings that plaintiff. (Def.s’ SUDF (ECF No. 22-2) 1.5) 18 Redding Field Office Manager Jennifer Mata selected Rebecca Carr-Wong for the 19 Supervisory Natural Resources position. Carr-Wong was the top candidate who had more 20 National Environmental Policy Act (“NEPA”) knowledge and supervisory experience than the 21 other candidates.6 (Id. at 2.) 22 4 A claim for violating the ADA cannot be brought against the federal government. See Whaley 23 v. U.S., 82 F.Supp.2d 1060, 1061 (D. Neb. 2000). Instead, “the Rehabilitation Act provides . . . the exclusive remedy, for a federal employee’s disability discrimination claim if the employee 24 first exhausts her administrative remedies.” Jordan v. Evans, 404 F.Supp.2d 28, 30 (D. D.C. 25 2005).

26 5 Citations here are to defendant’s specific numbered undisputed fact asserted.

27 6 Plaintiff’s duties included preparing documents for review and approval to satisfy the requirements of NEPA, which requires government agencies to consider the environmental 28 1 Mata issued Lentz a Letter of Reprimand after concluding Lentz had engaged in serious 2 misconduct by authorizing grazing without adequate NEPA documentation and without approval 3 from a supervisor and the Field Office Manager. Sara Acridge, Lentz’s supervisor, issued Lentz a 4 Notice of Proposed 14-day Suspension based on incidents of Lentz acting outside his authority 5 and engaging in unbecoming conduct. Mata imposed the 14-day suspension in a written decision 6 that upheld four out of five acting-outside-the-scope and four out of six conduct-unbecoming 7 allegations. (Id. at 3-5.) 8 Northern California District Manager Nancy Haug assigned Northern California Associate 9 District Manager Dereck Wilson to work with Lentz on the reasonable accommodation process. 10 Lentz was given the Department of the Interior Department Manual Chapter “Reasonable 11 Accommodation for Individuals with Disabilities,” and forms requesting further information. 12 Wilson met with Lentz as part of the interactive process and discussed the nature of Lentz’s 13 disability and the reasons for his proposed accommodations. Wilson and Haug suggested 14 telework as an accommodation. (Id. at 6-8.) 15 Because Lentz’s reasonable accommodation request also stated a hostile work 16 environment allegation, Haug asked for an administrative inquiry into the allegations. Employee 17 Relations Specialist Kip Stover conducted an administrative investigation into Lentz’s hostile 18 work environment allegations. After interviewing witnesses and gathering documents, Stover 19 produced an 82-page investigation summary which determined that there was no evidence of a 20 hostile work environment. (Id. at 11-12.) 21 Mata and Acridge gave references for Lentz that they believed were accurate and fair. (Id. 22 at 9.) 23 PLAINTIFF’S OPPOSITION 24 Local Rule 260(b) requires a party opposing summary judgment to (1) reproduce each fact 25 enumerated in the moving party’s statement of undisputed facts and (2) expressly admit or deny 26 each fact. Under that provision the party opposing summary judgment is also required to cite 27 evidence in support of each denial. Here, plaintiff’s opposition has complied with Local Rule 28 //// 1 260(b). Rather than recreating every disputed fact the undersigned will discuss plaintiff’s 2 relevant denials in analyzing defendant’s motion for summary judgment below. 3 ANALYSIS 4 I. Exhaustion 5 “In order to bring a Title VII claim in district court, a plaintiff must first exhaust her 6 administrative remedies.” Sommatino v. U.S., 255 F.3d 704, 707 (9th Cir. 2001). Claims 7 brought pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act must also be exhausted. See Leong v. Potter, 347 F.3d 8 1117, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003) (“The district court properly held that Leong was required to exhaust 9 his administrative remedies with the EEOC before pursuing his Rehabilitation Act claim in 10 district court.”). A plaintiff exhausts their “administrative remedies by filing a charge with the 11 EEOC . . . and receiving a right-to-sue letter.” Scott v. Gino Morena Enterprises, LLC, 888 F.3d 12 1101, 1106 (9th Cir. 2018). 13 The court only has jurisdiction over “charges of discrimination that are like or reasonably 14 related to the allegations made in the EEOC charge, or that fall within the EEOC investigation 15 which can reasonably be expected to grow out of the charge of discrimination.” Deppe v. United 16 Airlines, 217 F.3d 1262, 1267 (9th Cir. 2000) (quotation omitted). “We ‘consider [a] plaintiff’s 17 civil claims to be reasonably related to allegations in the charge to the extent that those claims are 18 consistent with the plaintiff’s original theory of the case.’” Freeman v. Oakland Unified School 19 Dist., 291 F.3d 632, 636 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting B.K.B. v. Maui Police Dept., 276 F.3d 1091, 20 1100 (9th Cir. 2002)). 21 “[T]he inquiry into whether a claim has been sufficiently exhausted must focus on the 22 factual allegations made in the charge itself, describing the discriminatory conduct about which a 23 plaintiff is grieving.” Freeman, 291 F.3d at 637. 24 In determining whether a plaintiff has exhausted allegations that she did not specify in her administrative charge, it is appropriate to 25 consider such factors as the alleged basis of the discrimination, dates of discriminatory acts specified within the charge, perpetrators of 26 discrimination named in the charge, and any locations at which discrimination is alleged to have occurred. In addition, the court 27 28 //// 1 should consider plaintiff’s civil claims to be reasonably related to allegations in the charge to the extent that those claims are consistent 2 with the plaintiff’s original theory of the case. 3 B.K.B., 276 F.3d at 1100. 4 Here, in support of the motion for summary judgment defendant has submitted plaintiff’s 5 affidavit’s given in the EEOC investigation into plaintiff’s claims dated September 14, 2012. 6 (Boesch Decl. (ECF No. 22-3) at 2.) Therein, plaintiff solemnly affirms to presenting just two 7 issues: (1) whether plaintiff was discriminated against based on race and color in being denied a 8 performance award on March 20, 2012; and (2) whether plaintiff was discriminated against based 9 on race and color when being denied supervisory duties on March 26, 2012. (Boesch Decl. (ECF 10 No. 22-3) at 4.) Plaintiff explains that the denial of supervisory duties occurred when plaintiff 11 “asked Francis Berg to . . . officially be designated as . . . supervisor” of “a few seasonal people 12 that work for [plaintiff] and a few students[.]” (Id. at 7.) Plaintiff later alleged a claim of 13 retaliation for prior EEO activity. (Id. at 12.) 14 As a result of plaintiff’s charges, the agency’s October 26, 2018 decision investigated 3 15 claims: (1) whether plaintiff was discriminated against based on race and color in being denied a 16 performance award on March 20, 2012; (2) whether plaintiff was discriminated against based on 17 race and color when being denied supervisory duties on March 26, 2012; and (3) whether plaintiff 18 suffered retaliation for prior EEO activity. (Id. at 12-57.) As such, it is these three claims that 19 plaintiff has exhausted. 20 Moreover, it cannot be said that plaintiff’s claims of failure-to-promote, disability 21 discrimination for failure to accommodate, giving poor references, and disclosure of medical 22 information are like or reasonably related to the exhausted claims, as they concern different basis 23 of discrimination, different dates, different perpetrators, etc. For example, plaintiff’s failure-to- 24 promote claim concerns the denial of a Supervisory Natural Resources Specialist Detail plaintiff 25 applied for “from June through September 2012.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 16.) The poor 26 references allegedly occurred between March of 2015 and September of 2015. (Id. at 23-24.) 27 And the disability discrimination allegations are entirely unlike plaintiff’s claims related to race 28 and color. 1 Accordingly, the undersigned finds that plaintiff’s failure-to-promote, disability 2 discrimination, and poor reference claims are unexhausted.7 Defendant’s motion for summary 3 judgment as to these claims, therefore, should be granted. See Chew v. City and County of San 4 Francisco, 714 Fed. Appx. 687, 691 (9th Cir. 2017) (“Because Plaintiff failed adequately to 5 disclose to the EEOC and the DFEH the claims advanced here, he failed to exhaust his 6 administrative remedies. This barred his Title VII and FEHA claims, and warranted summary 7 judgment for Defendants.”); Mayo v. Recycle to Conserve, Inc., 795 F.Supp.2d 1031, 1046 (E.D. 8 Cal. 2011) (“The court finds that an investigation into whether plaintiff was terminated to retaliate 9 against plaintiff for engaging in protected activity could not ‘reasonably be expected to grow out 10 of the charge’ that defendant terminated plaintiff because of his race.”). 11 II. FY 2011 Performance Award 12 Plaintiff argues that plaintiff “did not receive an award for my FY2011 ‘superior’ 13 performance rating.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 24.) According to the complaint, plaintiff “was the 14 only brown (color) person of African American (race) descent in [the] work unit and among 15 similarly situated employees[.]” (Id.) To prevail on a disparate treatment claim of race based 16 discrimination, plaintiff “must first establish a prima facie case by showing that: (1) she belongs 17 to a protected class, (2) she was qualified for the position in question, (3) she was subject to an 18 adverse employment action, and (4) similarly situated individuals outside her protected class were 19 treated more favorably.”8 Campbell, 892 F.3d at 1012 (citing Chuang v. Univ. of Cal. Davis, 225

20 7 The undersigned notes that even if these claims had been exhausted, defendant has submitted 21 evidence establishing that plaintiff was not promoted for a legitimate, non-discriminatory, non- retaliatory reason, specifically that the candidate selected was more qualified. (Mata Decl. (ECF 22 No. 22-7) at 5-6.) That defendant engaged in the interactive process and offered plaintiff a reasonable accommodation. (Wilson Decl. (ECF No. 22-9) at 1-6.) And that plaintiff was given 23 essentially positive references. (Acridge Decl. (ECF No. 22-4) at 315-16; Mata Decl. (ECF No. 22-7) at 183.) 24

25 8 “Liability in a disparate-treatment case depends on whether the protected trait [] actually motivated the employer’s decision. By contrast, disparate-impact claims involve employment 26 practices that are facially neutral in their treatment of different groups but that in fact fall more harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified by business necessity.” Raytheon Co. 27 v. Hernandez, 540 U.S. 44, 52 (2003). Disparate impact claims focus “on statistical disparities, rather than specific incidents, and on competing explanations for these disparities.” Watson v. 28 1 F.3d 1115, 1123 (9th Cir. 2000)); see also McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 2 (1973) (“The complainant in a Title VII trial must carry the initial burden under the statute of 3 establishing a prima facie case of racial discrimination. This may be done by showing (i) that he 4 belongs to a racial minority; (ii) that he applied and was qualified for a job for which the 5 employer was seeking applicants; (iii) that, despite his qualifications, he was rejected; and (iv) 6 that, after his rejection, the position remained open and the employer continued to seek applicants 7 from persons of complainant’s qualifications.”). 8 In support of their motion for summary judgment, defendant has offered the declaration of 9 Jennifer Mata, currently the Field Office Manager for the Department of the Interior, Redding 10 Field Office. Mata declares that for fiscal year 2011, only two employees received performance 11 awards. (Mata Decl. (ECF No. 22-7) at 19.) Both of those employees had higher performance 12 ratings than plaintiff. (Id.) Moreover, Mata declares that no employee with ratings equal to 13 plaintiff received a performance award. (Id.) Mata has also provided exhibits in support. (Id. at 14 189-198.) 15 In opposing defendant’s motion, plaintiff asserts that employee Walter Herzog “received 16 an award in FY 2011 even though he had the same rating as” plaintiff. (Pl.’s Opp.’n (ECF No. 17 24) at 16.) The evidence submitted by defendant, however, establishes that Herzog received 18 higher performance ratings than plaintiff. (Mata Decl. (ECF No. 22-7) at 198.) Plaintiff also 19 asserts that “Brennan Garrlets . . . received an awards (sic) earlier that year, but the Agency omits 20 his rating from the list.” (Pl.’s Opp.’n (ECF No. 24) at 16.) Plaintiff, however, has provided no 21 evidence in support of this assertion. 22 Accordingly, the undersigned finds that plaintiff has failed to establish a dispute of 23 material fact with respect to this claim and recommends that defendant’s motion for summary 24 judgment be granted. 25 //// 26 //// 27 impact claim, nor has plaintiff provided any statistical evidence. 28 1 III. Reprimand and Suspension 2 The complaint alleges that plaintiff “was punished without warning or notice for alleged 3 wrongdoing . . . including a Letter of Reprimand . . . a Notice of Proposed Suspension . . . and a 4 Decision to Suspend[.]” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 8.) According to the complaint “[t]hese were 5 acts of retaliatory harassment . . . for prior EEO activity[.]” (Id. at 8-9.) “Title VII . . . forbids 6 retaliation by employers against employees who report workplace race or gender discrimination.” 7 Crawford v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson Cnty., Tenn., 555 U.S. 271, 8 273 (2009). “A plaintiff may establish a prima facie case of retaliation by showing that (1) he 9 engaged or was engaging in activity protected under Title VII, (2) the employer subjected him to 10 an adverse employment decision, and (3) there was a causal link between the protected activity 11 and the employer’s action.” Yartzoff v. Thomas, 809 F.2d 1371, 1375 (9th Cir. 1987). 12 Here, there is no dispute that plaintiff engaged in protected activity by filing EEO 13 complaints and that plaintiff was subjected to an adverse employment decision as the result of 14 reprimand and suspension. Defendant, however, has proffered evidence establishing that there 15 was no causal link between the protected activity and the adverse employment action. 16 In this regard, on May 15, 2014, Field Manager Jennifer Mata issued plaintiff a Letter of 17 Reprimand for acting outside the scope of plaintiff’s authority and conduct unbecoming after 18 discovering that plaintiff had authorized goat grazing on BLM land without authorization or 19 NEPA supporting documents placing the agency at risk for litigation. (Mata Decl. (ECF No. 22- 20 7) at 10, 71-82.) 21 On November 13, 2014, Supervisory Resources Management Specialist Sara Acridge 22 issued plaintiff a Notice of Proposed 14-Day Suspension (“Notice”). (Acridge Decl. (ECF No. 23 22-4) at 129.) The Notice alleged that plaintiff again acted outside the scope of authority and 24 engaged in conduct unbecoming. (Id.) The letter detailed numerous problematic behaviors 25 including, extending an intern’s contract and directing an intern to work on a regularly scheduled 26 day off. Informing an external partner that plaintiff would be traveling without actually receiving 27 approval to travel. Accusing Acridge of punishing plaintiff by keeping already established 28 schedules in place. Making unprofessional comments about work Acridge assigned plaintiff. 1 Threatening to step down from an advisory committee after being given direction as to how to 2 prioritize workload. (Id. at 129-37.) The Notice was supported by substantial documentary 3 evidence. (Id. at 145-271.) 4 The Notice was submitted to Mata for determination and plaintiff was provided an 5 opportunity to respond. Plaintiff provided a written and oral reply to Mata. (Mata Decl. (ECF 6 No. 22-7) at 166.) On February 10, 2015, Mata issued a Decision on Proposed Suspension. (Id.) 7 After review of the Notice, its supporting documentation, and plaintiff’s response, Mata found 8 that plaintiff had engaged in misconduct supporting the charges of acting outside the scope of 9 authority and conduct unbecoming. (Id. at 180.) Accordingly, plaintiff was suspended for 14 10 days. (Id.) 11 In opposing defendant’s motion for summary judgment, plaintiff asserts the conclusory 12 argument that plaintiff “was punished . . . because of engaging in EEO activity.”9 (Pl.’s Opp.’n 13 (ECF No. 24) at 17.) However, “[t]he mere act of filing an EEOC complaint does not render 14 illegal all subsequent disciplinary actions taken by the” employer. Jackson v. St. Joseph State 15 Hosp., 840 F.2d 1387, 1390 (8th Cir. 1988). “Employers retain, as they always have, the right to 16 discipline or terminate employees for any legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason.” Glover v. South 17 Carolina Law Enforcement Div., 170 F.3d 411, 414 (4th Cir. 1999). 18 The complaint also alleges that plaintiff was retaliated against by being subjected to 19 “Lower Performance Evaluations” in 2013 and 2014. (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 19-20.) However, 20 defendant has produced evidence establishing that for those years plaintiff received a “Fully 21 Successful” rating. (Wong. Decl. (ECF No. 22-10) at 43; Kuntz Decl. (ECF No. 22-6) at 35.) 22 Plaintiff admits that a rating of “Fully Successful” is a good performance rating. (Pl.’s Opp.’n 23 (ECF No. 24) at 22.) Although plaintiff asserts that the defendant failed to follow Agency policy 24 in conducting plaintiff’s evaluation, plaintiff has failed to establish that plaintiff suffered an 25 adverse employment action as a result of receiving a Fully Successful performance rating. See 26

27 9 Plaintiff appears to be arguing that defendant’s proffered reasons for discipline were pretextual. However, “mere temporal proximity is generally insufficient to show pretext.” Brooks v. 28 1 Lyons v. England, 307 F.3d 1092, 1118 (9th Cir. 2002) (“Tate does not allege that NADNI 2 management has either relied upon the ‘fully successful’ evaluations in making a further 3 employment decision adverse to Tate or published these evaluations by making them available to 4 other potential employers.”); Steiner v. Showboat Operating Co., 25 F.3d 1459, 1466 (9th Cir. 5 1994) (“Steiner has established neither that her evaluation was discriminatory or retaliatory, nor 6 that it constitutes the kind of ‘intolerable’ act that would force an employee to resign”). 7 Accordingly, the undersigned finds that plaintiff has failed to establish a prima facie case 8 with respect to these allegations and recommends that defendant’s motion for summary judgment 9 also be granted as to these claims. 10 IV. Hostile Work Environment 11 It appears that plaintiff’s complaint attempts to assert a hostile work environment claim. 12 (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 22-23.) “A hostile work environment claim involves a workplace 13 atmosphere so discriminatory and abusive that it unreasonably interferes with the job 14 performance of those harassed.” Brooks v. City of San Mateo, 229 F.3d 917, 923 (9th Cir. 2000). 15 Such a claim “requires the existence of severe or pervasive and unwelcome verbal or physical 16 harassment because of a plaintiff’s membership in a protected class.” Sischo-Nownejad v. 17 Merced Community College Dist., 934 F.2d 1104, 1109 (9th Cir. 1991), abrogated on other 18 grounds by statute as stated in Dominguez-Curry v. Nevada Transp. Dept., 424 F.3d 1027, 1041 19 (9th Cir. 2005). 20 “Workplace conduct is not measured in isolation; instead, ‘whether an environment is 21 sufficiently hostile or abusive’ must be judged ‘by looking at all the circumstances, including the 22 frequency of the discriminatory conduct; its severity; whether it is physically threatening or 23 humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance; and whether it unreasonably interferes with an 24 employee’s work performance.’” Clark County School Dist. v. Breeden, 532 U.S. 268, 270-71 25 (2001) (quoting Faragher v. Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 787-788 (1998)). “The working 26 environment must both subjectively and objectively be perceived as abusive.” Fuller v. City of 27 Oakland, Cal., 47 F.3d 1522, 1527 (9th Cir. 1995). “[T]he objective severity of harassment 28 //// 1 should be judged from the perspective of a reasonable person in the plaintiff’s position[.]” 2 Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75, 81 (1998). 3 Here, plaintiff has provided a list of alleged wrongful conduct that plaintiff asserts 4 “negatively affected the terms and conditions of [plaintiff’s] employment and [] work 5 environment.” (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 23.) Even assuming arguendo that the allegations are 6 true, the conduct plaintiff describes if far from severe or persuasive. Nor does it appear 7 discriminatory or abusive. 8 In this regard, plaintiff complains about “the removal of my government credit card 9 purchase authority,” the reprimands addressed above, “changes to my Saturday working policy,” 10 and the loss of interns. (Compl. (ECF No. 1) at 22-23.) This conduct, even taken in total, does 11 not come close to creating a hostile work environment.10 See Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 12 524 U.S. 775, 788 (1998) (“conduct must be extreme to amount to a change in the terms and 13 conditions of employment”); Chamat v. Geithner, 381 Fed. Appx. 728, 730 (9th Cir. 2010) (no 14 hostile work environment claim for “negative comments related to [plaintiff’s] job 15 performance”). 16 Accordingly, the undersigned finds that defendant’s motion for summary judgment should 17 also be granted as to this claim. 18 CONCLUSION 19 Given the evidence presented by the parties on summary judgment, there does not appear 20 to be even a scintilla of evidence that could support the claims asserted in this action. See Addisu 21 v. Fred Meyer, Inc., 198 F.3d 1130, 1134 (9th Cir. 2000) (“A scintilla of evidence or evidence 22 that is merely colorable or not significantly probative does not present a genuine issue of material 23 fact” precluding summary judgment); Summers v. A. Teichert & Son, Inc., 127 F.3d 1150, 1152 24 (9th Cir. 1997) (“a mere scintilla of evidence will not be sufficient to defeat a properly supported 25 //// 26 10 Moreover, defendant has produced evidence that defendant conducted an administrative 27 investigation into plaintiff’s hostile work environment allegations. (Stover Decl. (ECF No. 22-8) at 1.) Defendant produced an 82-page investigation summary finding “no evidence of a hostile 28 1 | motion for summary judgment; rather, the nonmoving party must introduce some significant 2 | probative evidence tending to support the complaint’). 3 In the absence of any evidence of a disputed issue of material fact regarding the claims 4 | analyzed above, the undersigned finds that defendant is entitled to summary judgment in its favor 5 | onall the complaint’s claims. After adequate time for discovery, plaintiff has failed to make a 6 | showing sufficient to establish the existence of any disputed issue of fact regarding elements 7 | essential to plaintiff's claims and on which plaintiff would bear the burden of proof at trial. 8 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 9 1. Defendant’s June 10, 2022 motion for summary judgment (ECF No. 22) be granted; 10 2. Defendant’s July 15, 2022 motion to strike (ECF No. 27) be denied without prejudice 11 | as having been rendered moot; 12 3. Judgement be entered for defendant; and 13 4. This action be closed. 14 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 15 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within fourteen days 16 | after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 17 | objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 18 | “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections 19 | shall be served and filed within fourteen days after service of the objections. The parties are 20 | advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the 21 | District Court’s order. Martinez v. Y1st, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 22 || Dated: December 20, 2022

24 5 -BORAH BARNES

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

26 27 | DLB:6 38 DB\orders\orders.pro se\lentz0071.msj.f&rs 16

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