1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JIMMIE STEPHENS, No. 2:23-cv-1172 AC P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

14 L. BRAGG, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks relief pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and 18 has requested authority pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915 to proceed in forma pauperis. ECF Nos. 1, 19 2. The matter was referred to a United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 20 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302. 21 For the reasons stated below, the undersigned will recommend that plaintiff’s motion to 22 proceed in forma pauperis be denied pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). It will also be 23 recommended that plaintiff be ordered to pay the filing fee in full prior to proceeding any further 24 with this action. 25 //// 26 //// 27 //// 28 //// 1 I. THREE STRIKES RULE: 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) 2 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) states: 3 In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or appeal a judgment in a civil action or proceeding under this section if the prisoner has, 4 on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States 5 that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the 6 prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 7 “It is well-settled that, in determining a [Section] 1915(g) ‘strike,’ the reviewing court 8 looks to the dismissing court’s action and the reasons underlying it.” Knapp v. Hogan, 738 F.3d 9 1106, 1109 (9th Cir. 2013) (brackets added) (citation omitted). “[Section] 1915(g) should be 10 used to deny a prisoner’s in forma pauperis status only when, after careful evaluation of the 11 order dismissing an action, and other relevant information, the district court determines that the 12 action was dismissed because it was frivolous, malicious or failed to state a claim.” Andrews v. 13 King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th Cir. 2006) (brackets added). “[W]hen a district court disposes 14 of an in forma pauperis complaint ‘on the grounds that [the claim] is frivolous, malicious, or 15 fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted,’ such a complaint is ‘dismissed’ for 16 purposes of § 1915(g) even if the district court styles such dismissal as denial of the prisoner’s 17 application to file the action without prepayment of the full filing fee.” O’Neal v. Price, 531 18 F.3d 1146, 1153 (9th Cir. 2008) (second alteration in original). Dismissal also counts as a strike 19 under § 1915(g) “when (1) a district court dismisses a complaint on the ground that it fails to 20 state a claim, (2) the court grants leave to amend, and (3) the plaintiff then fails to file an 21 amended complaint” regardless of whether the case was dismissed with or without prejudice. 22 Harris v. Mangum, 863 F.3d 1133, 1142-43 (9th Cir. 2017). 23 An inmate who has accrued three strikes is precluded from proceeding in forma pauperis 24 unless he is “under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). To 25 satisfy the exception, plaintiff must have alleged facts that demonstrate that he was “under 26 imminent danger of serious physical injury” at the time of filing the complaint. Andrews v. 27 Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1053 (9th Cir. 2007) (“[I]t is the circumstances at the time of the 28 filing of the complaint that matters for purposes of the ‘imminent danger’ exception to § 1 1915(g).”); see also Abdul-Akbar v. McKelvie, 239 F.3d 307, 312-14 (3rd Cir. 2001); Medberry 2 v. Butler, 185 F.3d 1189, 1192-93 (11th Cir. 1999); Ashley v. Dilworth, 147 F.3d 715, 717 (8th 3 Cir. 1998); Banos v. O’Guin, 144 F.3d 883, 885 (5th Cir. 1998). “[T]he imminent danger 4 exception to the PLRA three-strikes provision requires a nexus between the alleged imminent 5 danger and the violations of law alleged in the complaint.” Ray v. Lara, 31 F.4th 692, 695 (9th 6 Cir. 2022). 7 II. PLAINTIFF’S PRIOR STRIKES 8 A review of court records reveals that on June 20, 2008, in the Southern District of 9 California, plaintiff was declared a three-strikes litigant in Stephen v. Hernandez. No. 3:08-cv- 10 0750 BEN BLM (“Stephen I”) (S.D. Cal. June 20, 2008).1 In that case, the court determined that 11 the following actions previously filed by plaintiff constituted strikes: 12  Stephen v. Lacy, No. 2:93-cv-5032 UA (C.D. Cal. Aug. 23, 1993) (dismissed for 13 failure to state a claim), aff’d, No. 93-56312, 1995 WL 72353 (9th Cir. Feb. 22, 1995); 14  Stephen v. Zulfacur, No. 3:93-cv-1943 R RBB (S.D. Cal. Apr. 19, 1994) (dismissed 15 for failure to state a claim); 16  Stephen v. Shelar, No. 3:06-cv-1054 LAB WMC (S.D. Cal. Aug. 31, 2006) (dismissed 17 for failure to state a claim); 18  Stephen v. Hernandez, No. 3:06-cv-0171 L WMC (S.D. Cal. Oct. 11, 2006) 19 (dismissed for failure to state a claim); 20  Stephen v. Marshal, No. 2:07-cv-5337 UA SH (C.D. Cal. Oct. 4, 2007) (dismissed as 21 frivolous); and 22  Stephen v. IRS, No. 3:07-cv-2112 LAB BLM (S.D. Cal. Dec. 4, 2007) (dismissed as 23 frivolous). 24 See Stephen I, ECF No. 4 at 2-3. 25 //// 26

27 1 Although plaintiff identifies himself as “Jimmie Stephen,” and not “Jimmie Stephens” in Stephen I and in the cases listed as strikes, a search of plaintiff’s state prison identification 28 number indicates that “Jimmie Stephen” and “Jimmie Stephens” are the same individual. 1 The court takes judicial notice of these earlier-filed lawsuits and the findings of the court 2 in Stephen I.2 Each prior case was dismissed well before the instant action was filed in June 3 2023, and none of the strikes have been overturned. Therefore, the undersigned finds that 4 plaintiff is precluded from proceeding in forma pauperis unless he is “under imminent danger of 5 serious physical injury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 6 III. IMMINENT DANGER 7 The complaint presents two claims for relief. The first is captioned “8th Amendment .. 8 Serious Physical Harm, Imminent Danger, Risks .. 28 USC § 1915(g)”. The supporting facts 9 involve deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s serious medical needs. Plaintiff alleges that he did 10 not receive a necessary urology appointment in May 2023, and was denied medication previously 11 prescribed by medical personnel. ECF No. 1 at 8-9. The second claim is captioned “8th 12 Amendment, Risk of Serious Physical Injury, Harm, ongoing..” and alleges that plaintiff was 13 placed in segregation in retaliation for filing a lawsuit against prison authorities. See id. at 10-12. 14 It is plain from plaintiff’s descriptions of his claims that he seeks the imminent danger exception 15 to the three-strikes statute on the basis of the facts supporting his claims for relief. The nexus 16 requirement is thus satisfied. See Ray v. Lara, 31 F.4th at 695. 17 A completed past act of retaliation does not support the imminent danger exception. 18 Plaintiff’s speculative expectation of future harassment, ECF No. 1 at 12, does not change that. 19 See Andrews, 493 F.3d at 1057 n. 11. 20 Plaintiff’s allegations regarding medical care also fail to meet his burden under § 1915(g). 21 Plaintiff alleges that because he had prostate cancer in 2019, the failure to provide certain follow 22 up care is life threatening. Being a “high risk” patient, however, is not the same thing as facing 23 imminent harm. Plaintiff alleges that the treatment he has been provided is inadequate, that 24 treatment by a female doctor is inappropriate for a prostate patient, and that his ongoing

25 2 The court “may take notice of proceedings in other courts, both within and without the federal 26 judicial system, if those proceedings have a direct relation to matters at issue.” United States ex rel. Robinson Rancheria Citizens Council v. Borneo, Inc., 971 F.2d 244, 248 (9th Cir. 1992) 27 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (collecting cases); Fed. R. Evid. 201(b)(2) (court may take judicial notice of facts that are capable of accurate determination by sources whose 28 accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned). 1 symptoms including bleeding have been misdiagnosed. ECF No. 1 at 8-9. More specifically, 2 plaintiff alleges that doctors have wrongly attributed his bleeding to hemorrhoids or prostatitis 3 when he may be facing death. Id. Plaintiff appears to believe that cancer remains in his body, but 4 the complaint provides no factual basis for this belief. 5 Although it is clear that the alleged deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s medical needs was 6 ongoing at the time the complaint was filed, it does not appear that this ongoing dispute about 7 proper treatment placed plaintiff in imminent danger of serious physical injury. See Andrews, 8 493 F.3d at 1053. Plaintiff’s allegations to the contrary are conclusory and speculative, and thus 9 insufficient to support an exception to the three strikes rule. See id. at 1057 n. 11; see also Martin 10 v. Shelton, 319 F.3d 1048, 1050 (8th Cir. 2003) (conclusory assertions are insufficient to satisfy 11 exception to § 1915(g)); White v. Colorado, 157 F.3d 1226, 1231-32 (10th Cir. 1998) (same). 12 IV. CONCLUSION 13 For these reasons, plaintiff is a three strikes litigant who has not met his burden of 14 establishing that he is in imminent danger of serious physical harm. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). As 15 a result, it will be recommended that plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis be 16 denied and that he be ordered to pay the filing fee in full prior to proceeding any further with this 17 action. 18 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Clerk of Court shall randomly assign a 19 District Judge to this action. 20 IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that: 21 1. Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) be DENIED, and 22 2. Plaintiff be ordered to pay the filing fee in full prior to proceeding any further with 23 this action in light of his status as a three-strikes litigant within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. § 24 1915(g). 25 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 26 assigned to this case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen days 27 after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written objections 28 with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings 1 | and Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified 2 | time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 3 | (th Cir. 1991). 4 | DATED: June 27, 2023 “ 5 Httven— Lhar—e_

ALLISON CLAIRE

6 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 7 8 9 10 1] 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28