1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOSE LIMA, No. 1:22-cv-01472-HBK (HC) 12 Petitioner, OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING

RESPONDENT’S MOTION TO DISMISS

13 v. AND DISMISSING PETITION1

14 (Doc. No. 19)

WARDEN, FCI MENDOTA,

15 Respondent. 16 17 Petitioner Jose Lima (“Petitioner” or “Lima”), a former federal inmate who is currently 18 serving supervised release, initiated this action on September 27, 2022, by filing a pro se petition 19 for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 while he was incarcerated at Federal 20 Correctional Institution (“FCI”) Mendota, located in Fresno County, California, which is within 21 the venue and jurisdiction of this Court. (Doc. No. 1, “Petition”). The Petition challenges the 22 execution of Petitioner’s sentence. (Id. at 4). Specifically, the Petition raises two claims: (1) the 23 Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) violated Lima’s Eighth Amendment rights “by holding him in 24 custody well past his release date and in contravention of the First Step Act”; and (2) the BOP has 25 failed to award Lima earned time credits, thereby violating the First Step Act. (Doc. No. 1 at 7); 26 see 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(A), (C) (providing that time credits earned from completion of 27 1 Both parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a magistrate judge, in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 28 636(c)(1). (Doc. No. 18). 1 evidence-based recidivism reduction programming productive activities shall be applied toward 2 time in prerelease custody or supervised release). Lima argues he is entitled to 18 months of 3 earned time credit under the First Step Act, and requests that the Court “issue an injunction 4 compelling the BOP to immediately calculate and award Petitioner all of the earned time credits 5 he is entitled to.” (Doc. No. 1 at 7-8). 6 In response, Respondent filed a Motion to Dismiss with Appendix on February 11, 2023. 7 (Doc. No. 19, 19-1). Respondent argues the Court lacks jurisdiction because Lima’s release from 8 custody moots the Petition. (Doc. No. 19 at 2)., In the alternative, dismissal is mandatory because 9 Lima did not exhaust his administrative remedies. (Id.). Lima did not file a response to the 10 motion, nor request an extension of time to respond, and the time for doing so has expired. (See 11 Doc. No. 15 at ¶ 4, advising Petitioner that he has twenty-one (21) days to file a response if 12 Respondent files a motion to dismiss). For the reasons set forth more fully herein, the Court 13 grants Respondent’s Motion to Dismiss. 14 I. BACKGROUND 15 A. Procedural History 16 In 2015, Lima pled guilty in the Southern District of Florida for conspiracy to possess 17 with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846 18 and sentenced to serve inter alia 120 months of federal incarceration. See United States v. 19 Gonzalez et al., 15-cr-20395-RNS-2, Crim. Doc. Nos. 11, 74, 95 (S.D. Fla.).2 At the time Lima 20 filed the Petition, he was incarcerated in FCI Mendota. However, after Lima filed the instant 21 Petition demanding a recalculation of his earned time credit under the First Step Act, BOP 22 completed an FSA review of Lima’s sentence and released him from incarceration on January 19, 23 2023. (Doc. No. 19 at 2; Doc. No. 19-1 at 2-3). 24 B. The First Step Act I 25 The First Step Act (“FSA”), enacted December 21, 2018, provided for considerable 26 changes to the federal criminal code, including several prison and sentencing reforms. First Step 27 2 The undersigned cites to the record in Petitioner’s underlying SDFL criminal cases as “Crim. Doc. No. 28 _.” 1 Act of 2018, Pub. L. No. 115-391, 132 Stat. 5194 (2018). One such reform under the First Time 2 Act entailed the implementation of Federal Time Credits (“FTCs”). 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(A). 3 Essentially, an inmate “who successfully completed evidence-based recidivism reduction 4 programming or productive activities” “shall earn 10 days of time credits for every 30 days of 5 successful participation.” Id. These FTCs earned by eligible inmates are “applied toward time in 6 prerelease custody or supervised release.” Id. 7 Additionally, the FSA authorized the BOP to use a risk and needs assessment system, 8 “PATTERN,” and designate a prisoner with a minimum, low, medium, or high-risk score. United 9 States v. DeCaro, No. 2022 WL 4395905, at *1 n.1 (E.D. Mo. Aug. 23, 2022). Inmates who 10 receive a minimum or low-risk score over two consecutive assessments earn an additional five 11 days of time credits for every 30 days of successful participation in evidence-based recidivism 12 reduction programming (EBRR programming) or productive activities (PAs). 18 U.S.C. § 13 3632(d)(4)(A)(ii); Orihuela v. Engleman, 2022 WL 18106676, at *1 (C.D. Ca. Nov. 3, 2022) (“A 14 prisoner’s PATTERN score may affect the rate at which he earns FTC for his participation in 15 EBRRs and Pas.”). 16 Inmates may begin earning FTCs once their term begins, but an inmate cannot earn FTCs 17 for programming or activities in which he or she participated in prior to the enactment of the FSA 18 on December 21, 2018. 28 C.F.R. § 523.42. An inmate can earn retroactive application of FTCs 19 for EBRR programming or PAs in which he or she participated in from December 21, 2018, to 20 January 13, 2022. Id. 21 II. APPLICABLE LAW AND ANALYSIS 22 Under Rule 4, if a petition is not dismissed at screening, the judge “must order the 23 respondent to file an answer, motion, or other response” to the petition. R. Governing 2254 Cases 24 4. The Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 4 state that “the judge may want to authorize the 25 respondent to make a motion to dismiss based upon information furnished by respondent.” A 26 motion to dismiss a petition for writ of habeas corpus is construed as a request for the court to 27 dismiss under Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases. O’Bremski v. Maass, 915 F.2d 28 418, 420 (9th Cir. 1990). Under Rule 4, a district court must dismiss a habeas petition if it 1 “plainly appears” that the petitioner is not entitled to relief. See Valdez v. Montgomery, 918 F.3d 2 687, 693 (9th Cir. 2019); Boyd v. Thompson, 147 F.3d 1124, 1127 (9th Cir. 1998). 3 A. Mootness 4 Under Article III, Section II of the Constitution, a federal court’s jurisdiction is limited to 5 adjudication of “live” cases and controversies. See Hollingsworth v. Perry, 570 U.S. 693, 705 6 (2013) (“Article III demands that an actual controversy persist throughout all stages of 7 litigation.”) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Arizonans for Official English v. 8 Arizona, 520 U.S. 43, 67 (1997) (Article III's “cases” and “controversies” limitation requires that 9 “an actual controversy . . . be extant at all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is 10 filed,”) (internal quotation marks omitted). Federal courts consider various doctrines, including 11 “standing,” “ripeness,” and “mootness” to ascertain whether a meets the “case and controversy” 12 requirement. See Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497, 502-505 (1961). To maintain a claim, a litigant 13 must continue to have a personal stake in all stages of the judicial proceeding. Abdala v. INS, 488 14 F.3d 1061, 1063 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal citation omitted). A case must be dismissed if it 15 becomes moot at any stage. See City of Mesquite v. Aladdin’s Castle, 455 U.S. 283, 288 (1982). 16 Absent collateral consequences, a “habeas petition does not continue to present a live controversy 17 once the petitioner is released from custody.” Abdala, 488 F.3d at 1064; see also Kelley v. 18 Brewer, 2023 WL 2992823, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 18, 2023) (“there is nothing capable of being 19 redressed by a favorable judicial decision because the BOP has already calculated his FSA credits 20 and released [the petitioner]. In other words, petitioner’s case is moot absent demonstrable 21 collateral consequences arising from BOP’s calculation of his FSA credits.”); Fower v. Birkholz, 22 2023 WL 3828775, at *1 (C.D. Cal. May 4, 2023) (“Petition is moot because Petitioner obtained 23 the relief he sought in the Petition – release from BOP custody after the application of his FSA 24 credits.”). 25 Here, Lima was awarded FTC’s and is no longer in BOP custody. Thus, the Petition is 26 moot. Because the Petition is moot, the Court lacks jurisdiction to consider any claims raised in 27 the Petition. 28 //// 1 Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 2 1. Respondent’s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. No. 19) is GRANTED. 3 2. The Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (Doc. No. 1) is DISMISSED as moot. 4 3. The Clerk of Court is directed to terminate any pending motions and close this case. 5 ° | Dated: _ July 26, 2023 Mihaw. □□ fareh Hack 7 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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