Gradford

I. Background

17 Plaintiff William J. Gradford (“Plaintiff”), proceeding pro se, filed this civil action on 18 August 28, 2023. (Doc. 1.) Plaintiff did not pay the filing fee and instead filed an application to 19 proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. (Doc. 2.) Plaintiff’s application was 20 deficient. Accordingly, on August 31, 2023, the Court ordered Plaintiff to file a new application 21 to proceed in forma pauperis within thirty days or pay the filing fee. (Doc. 3.) 22 Prior to filing a new application to proceed in forma pauperis or paying the filing fee, 23 Plaintiff filed two notices of voluntary dismissal on September 7, 2023. (Docs. 4 and 5.) 24 Concurrent with the notices of voluntary dismissal, Plaintiff also filed a notice of errata directed 25 to the Clerk of the California Supreme Court. The notice appears to concern an opening brief on 26 the merits filed in that court related to a criminal proceeding. Plaintiff also requested a proof of 27 service by mail to attach with his notice of errata. (Doc. 6.) 28 Four days later, on September 11, 2023, Plaintiff filed a new application to proceed in forma pauperis (Doc 7) and a…