Manzanarez

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

25 This case arises out of an allegedly unpaid debt that Plaintiff owed to Valley Diagnostics 26 for medical services underwent by Plaintiff. (Doc. 1 at ¶¶ 21–22.) After Plaintiff failed to pay its 27 debt, Valley contracted with Madera to collect. (Id. at ¶ 24.) Madera is a collection services 28 1 agency, (id. at ¶ 25), which at some point in time, sent Plaintiff an undated collection letter 2 regarding the debt that he owed to Valley. (Id. at ¶ 26.) “Despite the fact that the Letter lacks a 3 date, the Letter states” how much Plaintiff owed as of “today” and “now.” (Id. at ¶¶ 28–29.) 4 Due to the undated nature of the letter, Plaintiff alleges that he was “misled as to the status 5 of the subject date,” that “Letters that lack a date make them seem illegitimate,” that Madera’s 6 attempt to “define the subject debt based on a nebulous date was suspicious, misleading, and out 7 of character for a legitimate debt collection,” which “cast a negative shadow over its debt 8 collection practice in general,” and that the undated nature of the letter “caused Plaintiff to be 9 unable to determine whether the time frames…