Regan

I. BACKGROUND

20 Jennifer Regan alleges that Defendants, the City of Fresno (City), its Police Department 21 (FPD), and several of its sworn peace officers, failed to protect her from her abusive ex- 22 boyfriend, Mario Colombo, despite her numerous communications with Defendants in which she 23 relayed, among other things, that he was threatening to shoot her. (Doc. 1.)1 24 In the early months of 2021, Colombo was arrested for threatening Plaintiff’s life and was 25 issued a criminal protective order (CPO) to cease all contact with Plaintiff and to stay away from 26 Plaintiff’s person, home, work, and family. (Id., ¶¶ 31–35.) The situation continued to escalate, 27

28 1 The facts described in Plaintiff’s complaint are presumed true for purposes of evaluating the pending motion to 1 with Colombo showing up near Plaintiff’s home and eventually leaving live ammunition on her 2 doorstep. (Id., ¶¶ 41–46.) Despite Plaintiff’s repeated calls to Defendants about her concerns, 3 Plaintiff claims that Defendants responded largely with inaction and by giving conflicting and 4 confusing advice. (See id., ¶¶ 40, 46, 48–50.) 5 In late June and early July 2021, Colombo left…