Renati

I. BACKGROUND

21 A. Procedural History 22 This case dates back to June 2001, when current and former female Wal-Mart employees 23 brought suit on behalf of a nationwide class alleging widespread gender discrimination. Judge 24 Jenkins certified a nationwide class, which the Ninth Circuit, sitting en banc, affirmed in large 25 26 part. The Supreme Court reversed on June 20, 2011. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 27 338, 347–48, 359–60 (2011). proposed classes to current and former female Wal-Mart employees who had been subjected to 1 2 gender discrimination within four regions largely based in California. Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, 3 Inc., 964 F. Supp. 2d 1115, 1117 (N.D. Cal. 2013). This Court denied certification, finding that 4 the narrowed scope did not cure the problems that had foreclosed certification of the nationwide 5 class. Id. at 1118. 6 This case followed. Plaintiffs are eighteen of the would-be class members from Dukes. 7 Compl. ¶ 5 (dkt. 1). On May 10, 2019, they filed suit in their individual capacities, alleging pay 8 and promotional discrimination on the basis of gender. See generally id. The case was initially 9 10 before…