Renati

I. BACKGROUND

A. Procedural History 22 This case dates back to June 2001, when current and former female Wal-Mart employees 23 brought suit on behalf of a nationwide class alleging widespread gender discrimination. Judge 24 Jenkins certified a nationwide class, which the Ninth Circuit, sitting en banc, affirmed in large 25 part. The Supreme Court reversed on June 20, 2011. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes, 564 U.S. 338, 347–48, 359–60 (2011). proposed classes to current and former female Wal-Mart employees who had been subjected to 1 gender discrimination within four regions largely based in California. Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 964 F. Supp. 2d 1115, 1117 (N.D. Cal. 2013). This Court denied certification, finding that the narrowed scope did not cure the problems that had foreclosed certification of the nationwide 5 class. Id. at 1118. 6 This case followed. Plaintiffs are eighteen of the would-be class members from Dukes. 7 Compl. ¶ 5 (dkt. 1). On May 10, 2019, they filed suit in their individual capacities, alleging pay 8 and promotional discrimination on the basis of gender. See generally id. The case was initially 9 before…