1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 5 SAN JOSE DIVISION 6

BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY

7 UNION AND INDUSTRY Case No. 5:20-cr-01446-EJD INTERNATIONAL PENSION FUND, et 8 al., ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’

APPLICATION TO SERVE THE

9 Plaintiffs, SUMMONS AND COMPLAINT UPON

THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF

10 v. STATE 11 DICK’S BAKERY, INC., Re: Dkt. No. 15 a 2 Defendant. . 13 Plaintiffs Bakery and Confectionery Union and Industry International Pension Fund and

14 || Board of Trustees of the Bakery and Confectionery Union and Industry International Pension © 3 15 || Fund (“Plaintiffs”) sued Defendant Dick’s Bakery, Inc., alleging violations of the Employee G16 || Retirement Income Security Act. Compl. at § 1. Pursuant to Rules 4(h)(1)(A) and 4(e)(1) of the

17 || Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and §1702(a) of the California Corporations Code, Plaintiffs

18 request that this Court grant them permission to serve Defendant Dick’s Bakery through service of 19 || the Summons and Complaint upon the California Secretary of State. See Motion to Serve 20 || California Secretary of State (“Mot.”), Dkt. 15. Having considered the motion, declaration, and 21 exhibits, Plaintiffs’ motion is GRANTED. 22 I. BACKGROUND 23 On September 16, 2019, Defendant filed a Statement of Information (“SOT’) with the 24 California Secretary of State. Ex. A, Dkt. No. 16. The SOI listed 1655 Robinson Court Oroville, 25 California, 95965 as the street address of the principle executive office and principle business 26 office in California. /d. Aaron Sota’s PO Box address in Groveland, California was listed as the 27 Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 mailing address of the corporation. /d. Aaron Sota was also listed as the Chief Executive Officer 2 || and Secretary of the Dick’s Bakery. /d. The SOI listed Laurel Bivens as the Chief Financial 3 Officer and also listed 1655 Robinson Court as her address. /d. Aaron Sota and his PO Box 4 || address was the only contact listed as a Director. /d. Frank Boitano, at 1530 Meridian Ave in San 5 || Jose, was listed as Dick’s Bakery’s registered agent for service of process. /d. 6 On March 30, 2020, Plaintiffs instructed their process server to serve Mr. Boitano at the 7 || address listed in the SOI. Declaration of Katherine A. McDonough (“McDonough Decl.”) § 2, 8 |} Dkt. 15-1. On April 6, 2020, the process server reported that the serve was unsuccessful. Jd. at 9 || 43. It appeared that the process server mistakenly visited an address that was different from the 10 one intended. However, Plaintiffs later learned that service at the correct address would have still 11 || proven unsuccessful as Mr. Boitano’s office had been closed due to Santa Clara County’s COVID- 12 19 shelter in place order. /d. 13 On April 17, 2020, Plaintiffs unsuccessfully attempted to serve Mr. Sota at a physical 14 || address in San Jose. Jd. at § 4. 3 15 On May 7, 2020, Plaintiffs instructed their process server to personally serve Defendant at a 16 1655 Robinson Court in Oroville, California (the address listed as the principle executive office 3 17 || and principle business office in the SOD. /d. at § 5. Plaintiffs also mailed a Notice of 18 || Acknowledgement of Service to this address. /d. at 96. On May 9, 2020, the process server 19 || reported that the attempt was unsuccessful and that the person residing at this address had never 20 || heard of the corporation. Jd. at § 7. 21 On May 14, 2020, Plaintiffs sent Notices of Acknowledgement of Service to Mr. Sota’s 22 || PO Box and to an address for a property that Mr. Sota owns in Groveland, California (which they 23 located using the Tuolumne County Recorder’s Office records). /d. at ¢8. Plaintiffs’ counsel 24 || Katherine McDonough also spoke to Mr. Sota by phone and requested to serve the Notice of 25 || Acknowledgement and Summons to him by mail pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure 26 |} (“CCP”) 415.30. Id. at § 9. Mr. Sota initially agreed and provided the same PO Box address a Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 listed in the SOI. However, he later called back to state that he would not accept service by mail. 2 || Jd. He further stated that personal service at his residence would be difficult because he lived in a 3 || remote location. /d. He also suggested that Plaintiffs try serving Mr. Bonito, the registered agent. 4 || Id. 5 On May 15, 2020, May 18, 2020, and May 19, 2020, Plaintiffs again attempted to 6 || personally serve Mr. Sota at the Groveland property address. /d. at § 10. Each attempt was 7 || unsuccessful. Ex. B, Dkt. 16. On May 19, 2020, Plaintiffs’ process server noted that a gate to the 8 || property, which was open during her two previous attempts, was now shut and locked. /d. 9 On May 20, 2020, Ms. McDonough spoke to Mr. Boitano’s receptionist and learned that 10 || Mr. Boitano had been working from home since his office closed. McDonough Decl. at § 12. 1] Plaintiffs then attempted to serve Mr. Boitano at a residential address they located for him, but the (12 || attempt was unsuccessful. /d. . 13 On May 20, 2020, Ms. McDonough left a voicemail for Mr. Boitano, requesting that he

14 || call her back. /d. at § 13. Six days later, Mr. Boitano returned Ms. McDonough’s call and © 3 15 informed her that he was no longer the registered agent for Defendant and that the SOI had been Q 16 || accordingly updated. Jd. Defendant’s SOI was modified on May 22, 2020 to list Mr. Sota as the

17 || registered agent for service of process. Ex. C, Dkt. 16. Laurel Sota’ was also now listed as Z 18 Defendant’s Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, and a Director. /d. The address provided for each 19 || of these modifications was 335 Valley View Ave, San Jose, California 95127 (“Valley View”). 20 || Jd. Defendant’s principal office locations were also modified to reflect the Valley View address. 21 Id. Plaintiffs unsuccessfully attempted personal service at this new address on six separate 22 occasions. Ex. D, Dkt. No. 16. 23 244i. Plaintiffs do not clarify whether Laurel Sota and Laurel Bivens are the same person. However, 25 || in the earlier and later SOIs, the person listed as the chief financial officer for Dick’s Bakery is Laurel Bivens and Laurel Sota, respectively. Given that these names have a first name in 26 || common, that Plaintiffs do not distinguish these two individuals, and that Plaintiffs independently investigated an alternative address for Laurel Bivens but not Laurel Sota, these names are taken to 27 || refer to the same person. Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 On May 27, 2020, Plaintiffs instructed their process server to continue attempting to serve 2 || Mr. Sota at the Groveland property. McDonough Decl. at § 15. As of the time of Plaintiffs 3 motion, these attempts have been unsuccessful. /d. 4 On May 22 through the 24, Plaintiffs unsuccessfully attempted to serve Laurel Bivens at an 5 address in Medford, Oregon, which was located using a commercial locator service. /d. at § 16. 6 Il. LEGAL STANDARD 7 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h)(1)(A) authorizes domestic corporations to be served 8 “in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(e)(1) for serving an individual.” The manners of service 9 || prescribed by Rule 4(e)(1) include all methods of service permitted by state law.’ 10 California state law permits a court to, under certain circumstances, order that a party be 1] served via process on the California Secretary of State. Cal. Corp. Code § 1702(a). A court may a 2 order such service when:

13 the agent designated cannot with reasonable diligence be found at 3 the address designated for personally delivering the process . . . and «WA it is shown by affidavit to the satisfaction of the court that process against a domestic corporation cannot be served with reasonable 2 15 diligence upon the designated agent by hand in the manner provided 2 in Section 415.10, subdivision (a) of Section 415.20 or subdivision 16 (a) of Section 415.30 of the Code of Civil Procedure or upon the corporation in the manner provided in subdivision (a), (b) or (c) of Section 416.10 or subdivision (a) of Section 416.20 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the court may make an order that the service be Z 18 made upon the corporation by delivering by hand to the Secretary of State, or to any person employed in the Secretary of State’s office in 19 the capacity of assistant or deputy, one copy of the process for each defendant to be served, together with a copy of the order authorizing 20 such service. Service in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after delivery of the process to the Secretary of State. Id. (emphasis added) 22 “To demonstrate ‘reasonable diligence,’ the plaintiff must show that it ‘took those steps a 23 reasonable person who truly desired to give notice would have taken under the circumstances.’” 24 25 26 * Service may be made by “following state /aw for serving a summons in an action brought in courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where service is 27 || made.” Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 4(e)(1) (emphasis added). Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 || Dakavia Mgmt. Corp. v. Bigelow, 2020 WL 2112261, at *2 (E.D. Cal. May 4, 2020) (quoting 2 || Donel, Inc. v. Badalian, 87 Cal. App. 3d 327, 333 (Ct. App. 1978). “However, the showing of 3 diligence in a given case must rest on its own facts and ‘[n]o single formula nor mode of search 4 || can be said to constitute due diligence in every case.’” Kott v. Superior Court, 53 Cal. Rptr. 2d 5 |} 215, 221 (Ct. App. 1996) (quoting Donel, Inc., 87 Cal. App. 3d at 333). 6 I. DISCUSSION 7 Plaintiffs argue that they have exercised reasonable diligence in their prior unsuccessful 8 attempts to serve Defendant and so they should be permitted to effectuate service of process on 9 || Defendant by serving the California Secretary of State. The Court agrees. 10 Rule 4(h)(1)(A) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure authorizes corporations to be 11 served in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(e)(1), which includes all methods of service permitted 12 || bystate law. California Corporations Code § 1702(a) allows service to be made upon the 13 Secretary of State when it is shown by affidavit that process cannot be served with reasonable 14 || diligence in the manner provided in CCP §§ 415.10, 415.20(a), 415.30(a), 416.10(a), 416.10(b), 3 15 || 416.10(c), 416.20(a). For the purposes of this motion, §§ 416.10(c) and 416.20(a) will not be a 16 || assessed. The former is only applicable to banks and the latter only applies when a plaintiff 3 17 || alleges that a defendant has forfeited its charter or dissolved. Neither situation is present here. 18 Cal. Corp. Code § 1702(a) requires that a plaintiff submit an affidavit confirming the 19 || exercise of reasonable diligence and failure thereof to serve the corporation. Plaintiffs satisfied 20 || this requirement by submitting declarations written by their counsel, Ms. McDonough, and service 21 || processors. All of the facts discussed below were derived from and confirmed by these 22 || declarations. 23 Plaintiffs made reasonable efforts to effectuate personal service pursuant to CCP § 415.10. 24 || In undertaking to personally deliver a copy of the summons and complaint, Plaintiffs used 25 commercial locator services, researched the Tuolumne County Recorder’s Office records, made 26 phone calls, consulted a receptionist, and visited both new, old, and out-of-state physical a Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 addresses. See generally McDonough Decl. Personal service could not be made at any of the SOI 2 || addresses. Indeed, it appears that the original Oroville, California address was fraudulent. 3 McDonough Decl. at 9] 7, 14. Despite this diligence, which was plainly aimed at effectuating 4 || service on Defendant, Plaintiffs’ attempts at service were unsuccessful. 5 Though Cal. Corp. Code § 1702(a) requires that Plaintiffs attempt substitute service 6 || pursuant to CCP § 415.20(a), the facts indicate that achieving service through this means was not 7 || feasible. As mentioned, Plaintiffs visited numerous physical addresses, at which no activity could 8 || be discerned. There was only one physical address where someone appeared to be present, but 9 || that person had never heard of Defendant. /d. at These facts show that substitute service was 10 || not practical and thus need not be satisfied here. 11 With respect to § 415.30(a) (mail service), the history of unsuccessful attempts and Mr. 12 || Sota’s refusal to accept service by mail indicate that mail service was also not feasible. /d. at JJ 6, 13 8-9. Prior to Mr. Sota’s refusal, Plaintiffs unsuccessfully attempted (on multiple occasions and at 14 || different locations) to service Defendant by mail. /d. at [| 6, 8. Though Plaintiffs did not attempt 3 15 || to serve Mr. Sota by mail, his rejection of mail service shows that further attempts at mail service a 16 || would have been unsuccessful. /d. at § 9. 3 17 To summarize, Mr. Sota’s refusal of mail service, the subsequent replacement of Mr. 18 || Boitano as the registered agent with Mr. Sota, and the inactive Valley View address (which is now 19 || listed as Defendant’s principal office and as the address for Defendant’s registered agent, 20 Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, and for a director) show that Defendant, and its agents, 21 intended to and successfully have evaded service of process. /d. at 99 9, 13-14; see also Ex. C, 22 || Dkt. 16. Although Plaintiffs did not attempt mail service at the Valley View address and did not 23 attempt mail service or personal service at Mr. Sota’s “remote” location, on balance the Court 24 || finds that Plaintiffs’ efforts are sufficient. Cf Floyd v. Saratoga Diagnostics, Inc., 2020 U.S. Dist. 25 || LEXIS 100279, at *8 (N.D. Cal. June 5, 2020) (denying service upon the Secretary of State 26 || because the plaintiff made no attempt to effectuate service by mail). These facts taken together a Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE

1 indicate that Plaintiff could not effect service by mail. 2 Turning to § 416.10(a-b) (service on a registered agent or the an executive of the 3 company), service on Defendant pursuant to this statute was not feasible. Plaintiffs attempted to 4 || serve both the old and current agents and officers of the Dick’s Bakery. See generally 5 || McDonough Decl. Efforts went beyond merely seeking these individuals at the addresses 6 || provided by the SOI. Plaintiffs conducted independent investigations to locate the correct 7 || addresses of the individuals listed in the SOI. □□□ at §§ 4, 8-10, 12-13, 15-16. Such investigations 8 led Plaintiffs to attempt service at a variety of addresses, including at in-state residences, an out- 9 of-state residence, a PO Box, and an office. /d. at 3-4, 8, 10-12, 14-16. Thus, though 10 || Plaintiffs invested “reasonable diligence,” Plaintiffs’ efforts were not enough to achieve service of 11 process pursuant to § 416.10(a—b). 12 Accordingly, Plaintiffs exercised reasonable diligence in attempting to serve Defendant. 13 || Because those attempts were unsuccessful, Plaintiffs may effectuate personal service upon the 14 || California Secretary of State pursuant to Cal. Corp. Code § 1702(a). 3 15 IV. CONCLUSION a 16 For the above reasons, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs’ Application to Serve the Summons 3 17 || and Complaint Upon the California Secretary of State. 18 IT IS SO ORDERED. 19 || Dated: July 27, 2020

EDWARD J. DAVILA

21 United States District Judge 22 23 24 25 26 a Case No.: 5:20-cr-01446-EJD 28 || ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ APPLICATION TO SERVE THE SUMMONS AND

COMPLAINT UPON THE CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE