Kane

BACKGROUND

20 On January 9, 2021, Kane, a professional hockey player who at the time played for the San 21 Jose Sharks, filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the 22 Northern District of California. See Appellant’s Excerpts of R. (“ER”) [Dkt. No. 10-1] 002-008.1 23 In his petition, Kane checked two boxes stating that his debts were not primarily consumer debts 24 and were primarily business debts. Id. at 007. He left blank Question 16c, which directed him to 25 “[s]tate the type of debts you owe that are not consumer debts or business debts.” Id. 26 27 On January 28, 2021, Kane filed amended Schedules D and E/F, listing his total debt obligations at $28,191,340. Id. at 076, 082, 093. As considered by the bankruptcy court, the total debt consisted of the following:

4 (1) $4,230,000 to Scotia Bank across two mortgages on two properties Kane owns in Vancouver, British Columbia;

(2) $2,320,000 to Pacific Private Holdings, secured by Kane’s home in San Jose, California; 7 (3) $486,000 to 1000568 B.C. Ltd., secured by a second mortgage on the Canadian 8 properties; 9 (4) $8,340,000 to Centennial…