1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

11 SHAKTI HOTELS INC., Case No. 23-cv-03560 NC 12 Plaintiff,

ORDER TO DEFENDANT TO

13 SHOW CAUSE WHY CASE

SHOULD NOT BE REMANDED

14 BACK TO STATE COURT FOR

LACK OF FEDERAL SUBJECT

15 v. MATTER JURISDICTION

16 KHURRUMM CHOUDHRY, Re: ECF 1

17 Defendant. 18

19 Defendant Khurrumm Choudhry1 removed this unlawful detainer case to this court 20 from Santa Clara County Superior Court on July 18, 2023. ECF 1. This Order requires the 21 Defendant to “show cause” by filing a written response by September 15, 2023, explaining 22 why the case should not be remanded back to Superior Court due to a lack of federal 23 subject matter jurisdiction. 24 The federal courts are courts of “limited jurisdiction” and only have jurisdiction as 25 authorized by the Constitution and Congress. Owen Equip. & Erection Co. v. Kroger, 437 26

27 1 The Complaint spells Defendant’s first name as “Khurrum.” The Notice of Removal 1 U.S. 365, 374 (1978). The party seeking to invoke federal court jurisdiction has the 2 burden of establishing that federal subject matter jurisdiction exists. Scott v. Breeland, 792 3 F.2d 925, 927 (9th Cir. 1986). The Court must presume a lack of jurisdiction until the 4 party asserting jurisdiction establishes otherwise. Id. Doubts as to removability are 5 resolved in favor of remanding the case back to state court. Gaus v. Miles, Inc., 980 F.2d 6 564, 566 (9th Cir. 1992). 7 Here, Choudhry asserts that removal is based on federal question jurisdiction. 8 “Federal question” jurisdiction is assessed under 28 U.S.C. § 1331. The federal district 9 courts have jurisdiction “of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws or treaties 10 of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1331. A case “arises under” federal law if a “well- 11 pleaded complaint establishes either that federal law creates the cause of action or that the 12 plaintiff’s right to relief necessarily depends on resolution of a substantial question of 13 federal law.” Empire Healthcare Assur., Inc. v. McVeigh, 547 U.S. 677, 689-90 (2006) 14 (citations omitted). It is not sufficient for removal purposes if a federal question may arise 15 as a defense or counterclaim. Rivet v. Regents Bank of Louisiana, 522 U.S. 470, 475 16 (1998). 17 Here, the removal notice asserts that the unlawful detainer was driven by religious 18 discrimination, which violates the Federal Fair Housing Act. ECF 1 at 3. But the face of 19 the well-pleaded complaint does not show a federal issue. In sum, there does not appear to 20 be a substantial question of federal law that is implicated by plaintiff’s complaint. 21 A second deficiency of the removal notice is the timing of removal. Generally, the 22 notice of removal must be filed within 30 days after the receipt by the defendant of a copy 23 of the initial pleading. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b). Here, Choudhry removed on July 18, 2023. 24 The removal notice does not specify when Choudhry received the complaint or summons. 25 But the attached complaint in ECF 1-1 shows a filing date of May 23, 2023, suggesting 26 that the removal was not timely. 27 In conclusion, defendant has not established that federal subject matter jurisdiction 1 || by filing a written response by September 15, 2023, explaining why the case should not be 2 || remanded back to Superior Court. Defendant is cautioned that an order remanding the 3 || case may require payment of just costs and any actual expenses, including attorney fees, 4 || incurred as a result of the removal. 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). 5 Finally, the Court informs defendant that the Federal Pro Se Program at the San 6 || Jose Courthouse provides free information and limited-scope legal advice to pro se 7 || litigants in federal civil cases. The Federal Pro Se Program is available by appointment and 8 || ona drop-in basis. The Federal Pro Se Program is available by calling (408) 297-1480. 9 IT ISSO ORDERED. 10 11 || Dated: August 21, 2023 hohe <——— —_—>

NATHANAEL M. COUSINS

= 12 United States Magistrate Judge 13

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