1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

SHIKEB SADDOZAI,

11 Case No. 18-cv-05558 BLF (PR) Plaintiff, 12 ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR v. APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL OR 13 GUARDIAN AD LITEM

14 RON DAVIS, et al.,

15 Defendants.

16 (Docket No. 68) 17

18 Plaintiff, a California state prisoner currently at Corcoran State Prison, filed a pro se 19 civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, against employees at San Quentin State 20 Prison (“SQSP”). The third amended complaint (“TAC”) is the operative complaint in this 21 action. Dkt. No. 29. This matter was reopened on remand, to proceed on the sole 22 remaining claim against Defendant Clawson for his alleged failure to protect Plaintiff 23 during an assault by several inmates, during which Defendant shot Plaintiff with his block 24 gun. Dkt. No. 59 at 2-3, citing Dkt. No. 29 at 4. 25 Plaintiff moves for appointment of counsel based on indigency, complexity of the 26 issues, lack of legal knowledge, limited access to legal resources, and that he would be 27 better served with the assistance of counsel. Dkt. No. 68 at 1-2. Plaintiff also states that 1 the Mental Health Service Delivery System,” which warrants appointment of a guardian ad 2 litem under Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c). Id. at 3. He also claims that he suffers from physical 3 disabilities in his dominant hand and arm, which impedes and frustrates his ability to 4 litigate this matter. Id. Lastly, he asserts that counsel is required to handle expert 5 testimony, depositions, cross-examination, and effective use of discovery. Id. at 4. 6 7 DISCUSSION 8 A. Appointment of Counsel under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 9 As Plaintiff has been advised multiple times in this matter, Dkt. Nos. 7, 12, 39, 50, 10 there is no constitutional right to counsel in a civil case unless an indigent litigant may lose 11 his physical liberty if he loses the litigation. See Lassiter v. Dep’t of Social Services, 452 12 U.S. 18, 25 (1981); Rand v. Rowland, 113 F.3d 1520, 1525 (9th Cir. 1997) (no 13 constitutional right to counsel in § 1983 action), withdrawn in part on other grounds on 14 reh’g en banc, 154 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc). The decision to request counsel to 15 represent an indigent litigant under § 1915 is within “the sound discretion of the trial court 16 and is granted only in exceptional circumstances.” Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 17 1236 (9th Cir. 1984). Here, as before, Plaintiff’s asserted grounds do not establish 18 exceptional circumstances warranting appointment of counsel at this time. Furthermore, 19 this matter does not involve deliberate indifference to serious medical needs, as he asserts 20 in his memorandum in support of this motion. Dkt. No, 69 at 2. Rather, the sole claim is a 21 failure to protect claim against Defendant Clawson, which is not complex. Accordingly, 22 Plaintiff’s request for appointment of counsel is DENIED without prejudice for lack of 23 exceptional circumstances. See Agyeman v. Corrections Corp. of America, 390 F.3d 1101, 24 1103 (9th Cir. 2004); Rand, 113 F.3d at 1525; Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th 25 Cir. 1991); Wilborn v. Escalderon, 789 F.2d 1328, 1331 (9th Cir. 1986). 26 B. Appointment of Guardian Ad Litem under Fed. R. Civ, P. 17(c) 1 Plaintiff warrants appointment of a guardian ad litem under Federal Rule of Civil 2 Procedure 17(c), which provides in relevant part that:

3 A minor or an incompetent person who does not have a duly appointed 4 representative may sue by a next friend or aby a guardian ad litem. The court must appoint a guardian ad litem – or issue another appropriate order – to 5 protect a minor or incompetent person who is unrepresented in an action. 6 Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c)(2). The Ninth Circuit has held that when “a substantial question” 7 exists regarding the mental incompetence of a pro se litigant, the district court should 8 conduct a hearing to determine competence so that a guardian ad litem may be appointed if 9 appropriate. Allen v. Calderon, 408 F.3d 1150, 1153 (9th Cir. 2005); Krain v. Smallwood, 10 880 F.2d 1119, 1121 (9th Cir. 1989). Other circuits have held that a district court’s duty of 11 inquiry under Rule 17(c) is triggered by “verifiable evidence” of incompetence. See, e.g., 12 Powell v. Symons, 680 F.3d 301, 307 (3rd Cir. 2012); Ferrelli v. River Manor Health Care 13 Center, 323 F.3d 196, 203 (2d Cir. 2003). 14 The Ninth Circuit found a “substantial question” regarding competence where a pro 15 se prisoner litigant submitted a letter from the prison psychiatrist stating that the litigant 16 was under his care, had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and was taking psychotropic 17 medications, see Allen, 408 F.3d at 1152, but it found no substantial question where a pro 18 se litigant merely asserted that the district court should have conducted a competency 19 hearing, see Day v. Sonoma Cnty., 1997 WL 686016, at *2 (9th Cir. Oct. 30, 1997). The 20 Third Circuit found “verifiable evidence” of incompetence where one co-plaintiff was 21 adjudicated incompetence in a simultaneous criminal proceeding and the other co-plaintiff 22 submitted a letter from a mental health professional. See Powell, 680 F.3d at 308-09. The 23 Second Circuit has indicated that “verifiable evidence” could take the form of records from 24 a court or public agency or evidence from a mental health professional, but that bizarre 25 behavior, standing alone, is not sufficient to trigger a district court’s duty of inquiry under 26 Rule 17(c). See Ferrelli, 323 F.3d at 201-02. 1 |} merely asserts that his clinical assessment in accordance with the “Mental Health Services 2 || Delivery System” renders him incapable of representing himself, and that he has a physical 3 || disability that hinders his ability to litigate this matter. Dkt. No. 68 at 3. He provides 4 || copies of correspondence and medical records from 2019 and 2020 in support. /d. at 32- 5 || 38. However, these documents do not establish that Plaintiff is currently unable to litigate 6 || this matter in pro se. Furthermore, Plaintiff has shown an ability to articulate his claims 7 || and file numerous moving papers despite his mental health and physical disability issues. 8 || Lastly, Plaintiff provides no letter from a mental health professional or other “verifiable 9 || evidence” of his incompetence to trigger this Court’s duty of inquiry. See Ferrelli, 323 10 || F.3d at 201-02. Plaintiff's mere assertion that he needs the assistance of counsel to 11 proceed with the case, without more, is not sufficient to raise a substantial question. See, 3 12 || e.g., Day, 1997 WL 686016, at *2. Accordingly, the Court finds that in the absence of 5 13 || verifiable evidence of incompetence, there is no substantial question regarding Plaintiff's 14 || competence and therefore no duty of inquiry. See Allen, 408 F.3d at 1152; Ferrelli, 323

15 || F.3d at 201-02. Plaintiff does not warrant appointment of a guardian ad litem under Rule 16 |) 170).

18 CONCLUSION 19 For the reasons discussed above, Plaintiffs request for appointment of counsel is 20 || DENIED. Dkt. No. 68. 71 This order terminates Docket No. 68. 22 IT IS SO ORDERED. 23 || Dated: _ August 22,2023 0 Aaulnfhacnan

BETH LABSON FREEMAN

24 United States District Judge 25 Order Denying Mot. for Appt. of Counsel 26 PRO-SE\BLF\CR. 18\05558Saddozai_deny.atty 27