1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 BARTELL HOTELS, a California Case No.: 19cv1773-GPC(AGS) Limited Partnership, dba HALF MOON 12

MARINA, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S

13 MOTION FOR INTERLOCUTORY Plaintiff,

VESSEL SALE AND AUTHORIZING

14 v. CREDIT BID 15 S/L TALUS, that Certain 1981 Islander [Dkt. No. 18.] 16 Sailing Vessel of Approximately 40-Feet in Length, Official No. 1202535, and all 17 her engines, tackle, accessories, 18 equipment, furnishings and appurtenances, in rem, 19 Defendant. 20

21 Before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion for interlocutory vessel sale and authorizing 22 credit bid. (Dkt. No. 18.) No opposition has been filed. Based on the reasoning below, 23 the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion. 24 Procedural Background 25 On September 16, 2019, Plaintiff filed a Verified Complaint against Defendant S/V 26 Talus, that Certain 1981 Islander Sailing Vessel of Approximately 40-Feet in Length, 27 Official No. 1202535, (“Vessel”) and all of her engines, tackle, accessories, equipment, 28 1 furnishings and appurtenances, in rem for vessel arrest, interlocutory sale and for money 2 damages for breach of contract for necessaries, trespass and quantum meruit. (Dkt. No. 3 1, Compl.) On October 8, 2019, the Court issued an order authorizing the arrest of the 4 Vessel and appointing Plaintiff as Substitute Custodian of the Vessel. (Dkt. Nos. 4, 5.) 5 The default of Defendant Vessel was entered on January 31, 2020. (Dkt. No. 14.) On 6 March 17, 2020, the Court granted Plaintiff’s ex parte motion for order authorizing 7 release of personal property aboard Defendant Vessel. (Dkt. No. 20.) 8 On February 12, 2020, Plaintiff filed the instant motion for interlocutory vessel 9 sale and authorization to credit bid. (Dkt. No. 18.) No opposition has been filed. 10 Factual Background 11 Plaintiff Bartell Hotels, a California limited partnership, dba Half Moon Marina 12 (“Plaintiff”) maintains a leasehold interest in a 180-slip marina known as “Half Moon 13 Marina” located at 2303 Shelter Island Drive, San Diego, California. (Dkt. No. 1, 14 Compl. ¶ 2.) Defendant is a 40-foot 1981 Islander sailboat which is documented by the 15 United States Coast Guard under Official No. 1202535. (Id. ¶ 3.) The Vessel is believed 16 to be owned by Mr. Ronald Lee. (Id. ¶ 5.) Around, April 2, 2016, Ronald Lee executed a 17 Contract for Private Wharfage (“Wharfage Contract”) where Plaintiff provided wharfage 18 and other maritime services for the benefit of the Vessel. (Id. ¶ 7; id., Ex. A.) Vessel 19 has been arrears on several occasions since the contract was executed. (Id. ¶ 8.) Mr. Lee 20 last tendered wharfage fees in June 2018. (Id. ¶ 9.) Paragraph 9 of the Wharfage 21 Contract provides that either party may terminate it by tendering written notice of 22 termination at least 30 days prior to the termination date. (Id. ¶ 10.) On November 13, 23 2018, Plaintiff sent Mr. Lee a letter notifying him of the termination of the Wharfage 24 Contract and made effective 34 days later on December 16, 2018. (Id. ¶ 11.) Paragraph 25 9 of the Wharfage Contract provides that if a vessel remains at Plaintiff’s marina after 26 termination of the Wharfage Contract the vessel “shall be regarded as a trespasser and 27 wharfage fees will, without waiving objections to the Vessel’s trespass, be charged based 28 on the then current transient rate.” (Id. ¶ 12.) Despite the termination of the Wharfage 1 Contract, the Vessel has not vacated the marina and she remains there without contractual 2 or other authority. (Id. ¶ 13.) The Vessel, by and through her owners, has failed and 3 refused, and continues to fail and refuse to pay the amount contractually due and is in 4 active breach of the Wharfage Contract. (Id. ¶ 15.) As of August 31, 2019, wharfage 5 fees attributable to the Vessel are not less than $24,724.70. (Id. ¶ 16.) Per Paragraph 9 of 6 the Wharfage Contract, wharfage fees are continuing to accrue at the marina’s standard 7 transient rate of $2.50 per foot of vessel length per day, which is $100.00 per day for the 8 40-foot Vessel. (Id. ¶ 17.) 9 Ronald Lee, who signed the Wharfage Contract and who has represented that he is 10 a trustee for the owner of the Vessel, is currently incarcerated in Arizona and subject to a 11 five-year custodial term as of August 9, 2019 for “theft.” (Dkt. No. 18-5, Weiss Decl. ¶ 12 2; id., Ex. A.) 13 Discussion 14 Federal courts exercise admiralty jurisdiction under the Constitution and statute. 15 U.S. Const. art. III, § 2, cl. 1; 28 U.S.C. § 1333(1). A “contract for wharfage is a 16 maritime contract”, Ex Parte Easton, 95 U.S. 68, 75 (1877), and within the Court’s 17 admiralty jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 “if wharfage is provided to a specific 18 vessel.” Royal Ins. Co. of America v. Pier 39 Ltd. P’ship, 738 F.2d 1035, 1037 (9th Cir. 19 1984) (citing Ex Parte Easton, 95 U.S. 68 (1877)). A maritime lien on the vessel is 20 established in favor of those who provide necessaries for the benefit of a vessel. 46 21 U.S.C. § 31342(a) (“a person providing necessaries to a vessel on the order of the owner 22 or a person authorized by the owner - (1) has a maritime lien on the vessel; and (2) may 23 bring a civil action in rem to enforce the lien”). In this case, Plaintiff has filed the instant 24 action, in rem, seeking foreclosure on its maritime lien arising under the Wharfage 25 Contract through the interlocutory sale of the Vessel. 26 A. Interlocutory Sale of Vessel 27 “The interlocutory sale of a vessel is not a deprivation of property but rather a 28 necessary substitution of the proceeds of the sale, with all of the constitutional safeguards 1 necessitated by the in rem process.” Ferrous Fin. Servs. Co. v. O/S Arctic Producer, 567 2 F. Supp. 400, 401 (W.D. Wash. 1983). 3 Rule (E)(9)(a)1 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Supplemental 4 Rules for Admiralty and Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Claims (“Supplemental 5 Admiralty Rules”), amended 2016, governs interlocutory vessel sales and provides, 6 (i) On application of a party, the marshal, or other person having custody of the property, the court may order all or part of the property sold—with the 7 sales proceeds, or as much of them as will satisfy the judgment, paid into 8 court to await further orders of the court—if:

9 (A) the attached or arrested property is perishable, or liable to deterioration, 10 decay, or injury by being detained in custody pending the action;

11 (B) the expense of keeping the property is excessive or disproportionate; or 12 (C) there is an unreasonable delay in securing release of the property. 13

14 Fed. R. Civ. P., Suppl. Adm. R. E(9)(a)(i). “To justify an interlocutory sale, Plaintiff 15 need only establish the existence of one of the three provisions listed in Rule E(9)(a)(i).” 16 Rainaldi Family Trust Dated February 26, 2004 v. M/Y Excalibur, U.S.C.G. Official No. 17 1057893, Case No. SACV 19-00684 AG (JDEx), 2019 WL 6794218, at *2 (C.D. Cal. 18 Aug. 6, 2019) (citation omitted); Merchants Nat’l Bank of Mobile v. Dredge Gen. G.L. 19 Gillespie, 663 F.2d 1338, 1341 (5th Cir. 1981) (“In order to prevail, the lienors need only 20 show one of the three criteria.”). 21 Plaintiff argues that all three conditions have been met. First, Plaintiff asserts that 22 the Vessel is deteriorating in condition and value as she sits idle while under arrest. It 23 explains that the Vessel’s maintenance is of necessity limited because it focuses on 24 preservation from an accident. Plaintiff presents the declaration of Ray Jones, President 25 of Long Beach Yacht Sales, Inc., who is an experienced boater and has sold many 26

27 1 In its motion, Plaintiff is referencing the former Rule (E)(9)(b) of the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure, 28 1 thousands of vessels over the years and served as an expert in many cases on vessel 2 condition and valuation matters. (Dkt. No. 18-3, Jones Decl. ¶ 1.) Jones opines that it is 3 commonly understood among experienced vessel owners and yacht brokers that even 4 well and regularly maintained vessels inevitably deteriorate in condition and value over 5 time. (Id. ¶ 2.) The deterioration is worsened when vessels sit idle for extended periods 6 in salt water environment. (Id.) While Jones has not personally inspected the Vessel, he 7 has carefully examined dozens of photographs of the Vessel and concludes that if the 8 Vessel is allowed to lay idle without routine maintenance and “without proper lay-up 9 preparations,” the engines might rust and freeze up. (Id. ¶ 3.) The Vessel will deteriorate 10 in condition and value as she sits idle in salt water and the longer it remains under arrest, 11 the greater the deterioration. (Id.) Based on a review of the “comps”, he believes the fair 12 market value of the Vessel at a public U.S. Marshal auction would not exceed $25,000. 13 (Id. ¶ 4; id., Ex. A.) 14 District courts have ruled differently on whether the plaintiff’s reliance on 15 generalized assertions that a vessel will inevitably deteriorate over time without specific 16 findings satisfies Supplemental Admiralty Rule E(9)(a)(i)(A). Compare California Yacht 17 Marina—Chula Vista, LLC v. S/V Opily, No. 14cv1215-BAS(BGS), 2015 WL 1197540, 18 at *3 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 16, 2015) (finding vessel is liable to deterioration if it remains 19 arrested even though Court was not presented with any evidence of specific evidence 20 concerning the Vessel) with AmericanWest Bank v. P/V Indian, No. 12cv1786 21 AJB(BGS), 2013 WL 7847565, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 1, 2013) (sale not warranted under 22 Rule E(9)(a)(i)(A) because no specific evidence suggesting deterioration, decay or injury 23 that is out of the ordinary for a vessel generally); Vineyard Bank v. M/Y Elizabeth I, No. 24 08cv2044 BTM(WMC), 2009 WL 799304, at *2 (Mar. 23, 2009) (declining to justify 25 sale under Rule E(9)(a)(i)(A) because “[o]ther than a generalized assertion that idle 26 vessels will deteriorate, Plaintiff offers no other evidence that the Defendant Vessel is 27 liable to decay.”). In Sausalito Yacht Harbor v. S/V Soggy, Case No. 19cv1268-TSH, 28 2019 WL 5091171, at *2 (N.D. Cal. July 5, 2019), the court also relied on a similar 1 declaration from Jones concerning deterioration and concluded “[i]t is both common 2 sense and supported by Mr. Jones's declaration that the vessel is likely to deteriorate in 3 condition as it remains arrested without maintenance, which is likely to impact the 4 vessel's val[u]e.” Id. Furthermore, as this Court stated in a prior case based on a similar 5 analysis by Jones, it has no reason to doubt the veracity of Jones’ expert opinion in this 6 case; therefore, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has shown the deterioration criteria 7 under Supplemental Admiralty Rule E(9)(a)(i)(A). See Shelter Cover Marine, Ltd. v. 8 M/Y Isabella, Case No. 17cv1578-GPC-BLM, 2017 WL 5906673, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 9 30, 2017) (finding deterioration to Vessel if it remains arrested based on Jones’ analysis). 10 Next, Plaintiff argues that the cost of keeping the Vessel in custody is excessive 11 and disproportionate where no payments are being made to creditors, the Vessel is idle 12 and the costs of custody are accruing. In this case, the custodial expenses are accruing at 13 no less than $3,800 per month or $126.66 per day based on the Order Approving 14 Substitute Custodian, (Dkt. No. 5). “Maintenance expenses of several thousand dollars 15 per month, particularly where Defendant has made no attempt to answer Plaintiff's 16 Complaint or secure the Vessel's release, are excessive and disproportionate.” Vineyard 17 Bank, 2009 WL 799304, at *2 ($4,500 a month is excessive and disproportionate); 18 Caterpillar Fin. Services Corp. v. Coleman, 99–03821 CM RZX, 1999 WL 33218595, at 19 *2 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 1999) (finding that the “expense of keeping the [Defendant 20 Vessel] in custody, specifically $1,400.00 per month, . . . appears to be excessive”). 21 Thus, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has shown that the “expense of keeping the 22 property is excessive or disproportionate.” 23 Finally, Plaintiff contends that no security has been posted, and no offer has been 24 made to post security for almost six months since the Vessel’s arrest. “As a general rule, 25 defendants are given at least four months to bond a vessel absent some other 26 considerations.” Vineyard Bank, 2009 WL 799304, at *2 (quoting Bank of Rio Vista v. 27 Vessel Captain Pete, No. C 04–2736CW, 2004 WL 2330704, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 14, 28 2004)); see also California Yacht Marina—Chula Vista, 2015 WL 1197540, at *4 (nine 1 month delay was unreasonable); Ferrous Fin. Servs. Co., 567 F. Supp. at 401 (no attempt 2 to secure release of vessel within four months since arrest was unreasonable delay); 3 Merchants Nat'l Bank of Mobile, 663 F.2d at 1341-42 (failure to secure the release of the 4 vessel eight months after arrest constitutes unreasonable delay). 5 Here, the Vessel was arrested on October 18, 2019, nearly six months ago. (Dkt. 6 No. 8.) Default has been entered and no person claiming interest in the vessel has come 7 forward to secure the Vessel’s release. Therefore, there has been an unreasonable delay 8 in securing the release of the Vessel. 9 Because Plaintiff has demonstrated that all three factors of Rule (E)(9)(a) have 10 been met, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for interlocutory vessel sale. 11 B. Authorization to Credit Bid 12 Plaintiff also asks the Court to authorize it to credit bid at the auction because no 13 party has asserted any maritime lien against the Vessel and as a result, it is the senior 14 lienholder. Under the Local Rules for Admiralty and Maritime Claims, 15 When the court determines on the merits that a plaintiff or plaintiff in intervention has a valid claim senior in priority to all other parties, that 16 plaintiff in intervention foreclosing a properly recorded and endorsed 17 preferred mortgage on, or other valid security interest in the vessel may bid, without payment of cash, certified check or cashier’s check, up to the total 18 amount of the secured indebtedness as established by affidavit filed and 19 served on all other parties no later than seven (7) days prior to the date of sale. 20

21 Civ. L. Rule E.1(e)(2). In this case, no party has asserted any maritime lien 22 claim against the Vessel and Plaintiff is the only maritime lien claimant. Plaintiff 23 requests the Court to authorize a credit bid at the auction up to the lien amount attested to 24 under oath in the Verified Complaint ($24,724.70) and which will be established by 25 affidavit pursuant to Local Admiralty Rule E.1(e)(2), plus its actual and demonstrable 26 costs of suit, including U.S. Marshal, substitute custodian and other custodia legis 27 expenses, to be calculated through the date of the vessel sale at the rates provided by this 28 Court’s Order Appointing Substitute Custodian. (Dkt. No. 5.) The Court finds it is 1 appropriate to GRANT Plaintiff’s request to credit bid at the auction of Defendant 2 Vessel. 3 Conclusion 4 Accordingly, considering the Motion of Plaintiff Bartell Hotels, dba Half Moon 5 Marina for an Order directing the public auction of the Defendant VESSEL in this action, 6 S/V TALUS, Official No. 1202535, the Points and Authorities and the Declaration of 7 Ray Jones in support thereof and the file of record in this action, and having concluded 8 that the interlocutory sale of the Defendant VESSEL is warranted pursuant to 9 Supplemental Admiralty Rule E(9)(a)(i) because she is subject to deterioration while in 10 custody, because the expense of keeping her is excessive or disproportionate, and 11 because there has been an unreasonable delay in securing her release, and good cause 12 therefor appearing, 13 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that, consistent with Supplemental Admiralty Rule 14 E(9)(a) and Local Admiralty Rule E.1(e) the United States Marshal be and hereby is 15 directed and empowered to sell said Defendant Vessel and her engines, tackle, 16 accessories, equipment, furnishings and appurtenances, as is, where is, at public sale at 17 the first available time and date, after having first caused notice of said sale to be 18 published daily in a newspaper of general circulation within the City of San Diego, 19 California for at least seven days immediately before the date of sale; and 20 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that such public notice specify the date, time and 21 location for the sale of the Defendant VESSEL; and 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, consistent with Local Admiralty Rule E.1(e)(2), 23 such public notice specify that the last and highest bidder at the sale will be required to 24 deposit with the U.S. Marshal a certified check or a cashier’s check in the amount of the 25 full purchase price not to exceed $500, and otherwise $500 or ten percent (10%) of the 26 bid, whichever is greater, and that the balance, if any, of the purchase price shall be paid 27 by certified check or cashier’s check before confirmation of the sale or within three days 28 1 || of dismissal of any opposition which may have been filed, exclusive of Saturdays, 2 || Sundays and legal holidays; and 3 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that any proceeds of said sale shall be held by the 4 || United States Marshal or deposited by the United States Marshal in the Registry of this 5 Court, pending further Order of this Court; and 6 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff, having a secured maritime lien interest 7 the Defendant VESSEL pursuant to the Commercial Instruments and Federal Maritime 8 Act (46 U.S.C. § 31301, et seg.) and being the only claimant in this action asserting 9 ||a maritime claim against her, 1s authorized pursuant to Local Admiralty Rule E.1(e)(2) to 10 || credit bid at the auction of the Defendant VESSEL, without payment of cash, a sum equal 11 its secured interest in the Defendant VESSEL, consisting of the lien amount specified 12 |/in Plaintiff’s Verified Complaint ($24,724.70) plus its actual costs of suit through the 13 || date of the sale, including U.S. Marshal and other custodia legis expenses, with such 14 and expenses to be calculated at the rates specified and authorized in the Order 15 || Appointing Substitute Custodian and Authorizing Movement of Defendant Vessel. 16 || However, as Plaintiff’?s maritime necessaries lien interest in the Defendant VESSEL does 17 as a matter of law, include attorneys’ fees, such fees are not to be included in any 18 || credit bid Plaintiff makes; and 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, pursuant to Local Admiralty Rule E.1(e)(2), that if 20 || within three days of the auction date, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 21 ||holidays, no written objection is filed, the sale shall stand confirmed as of course, without 22 necessity of any affirmative action thereon by a judge, except that no sale shall stand 23 confirmed until the buyer has complied fully with the terms of the purchase. 24 The hearing set on April 17, 2020 shall be vacated. 25 IT IS SO ORDERED. 26 Dated: April 13, 2020 27 Hon. athe Cae 28 United States District Judge