1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SALVATORE A. DEMARIA and Case No.: 17-cv-00539-AJB-BGS

NIDHAL N. DEMARIA,

12 Plaintiffs, ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND 13 DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFFS’ v.

MOTION FOR ATTORNEYS’ FEES,

14 FCA US LLC, a Delaware Limited COSTS, AND EXPENSES 15 Liability Company; and DOES 1 through 10, inclusive, (Doc. No. 96) 16 Defendant. 17 18 Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ motion for attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. (Doc. 19 No. 96.) Defendant FCA US LLC (“FCA”) opposed the motion. (Doc. No. 101.) For the 20 reasons stated herein, the Court GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART Plaintiffs’ 21 motion, with a reduction of fees as set forth in detail below. 22 I. BACKGROUND 23 This case arises out of the purchase of a new 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee (“the 24 Vehicle”) for a sales price of $38,506.24. The Vehicle was manufactured and distributed 25 by Defendant FCA US LLC, which provided a written warranty with the Vehicle. Within 26 the applicable warranty period, the Vehicle exhibited repeated engine and electrical issues. 27 Despite numerous attempts by FCA to fix Plaintiffs’ Vehicle, the problems persisted. 28 Plaintiffs eventually contacted FCA customer service in February 2012 and November 1 2015 and requested FCA repurchase the Vehicle. FCA rejected Plaintiffs’ request both 2 times. Plaintiffs filed their Complaint in San Diego Superior Court on August 3, 2016, 3 alleging violations of the Song-Beverly Act and fraudulent concealment. The action was 4 removed to this Court on March 17, 2017. On September 13, 2019, the parties filed a joint 5 settlement. On January 14, 2020, Plaintiffs filed their motion for attorneys’ fees, costs, and 6 expenses, and FCA opposed the motion. (Doc. Nos. 96, 101.) This order follows. 7 II. LEGAL STANDARD 8 “In a diversity case, the law of the state in which the district court sits determines 9 whether a party is entitled to attorney fees, and the procedure for requesting an award of 10 attorney fees is governed by federal law.” Carnes v. Zamani, 488 F.3d 1057, 1059 (9th Cir. 11 2007); see also Mangold v. Cal. Public Utilities Comm’n, 67 F.3d 1470, 1478 (9th Cir. 12 1995) (noting that in a diversity action, the Ninth Circuit “applied state law in determining 13 not only the right to fees, but also in the method of calculating the fees”). 14 As explained by the Supreme Court, “[u]nder the American Rule, ‘the prevailing 15 litigant ordinarily is not entitled to collect a reasonable attorneys’ fee from the loser.’” 16 Travelers Casualty & Surety Co. of Am. v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 549 U.S. 443, 448 17 (2007) (quoting Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 247 18 (1975)). However, a statute allocating fees to a prevailing party can overcome this general 19 rule. See id. (citing Fleischmann Distilling Corp. v. Maier Brewing Co., 386 U.S. 714, 717 20 (1967)). Under California’s Song-Beverly Act, a prevailing buyer is entitled “to recover as 21 part of the judgment a sum equal to the aggregate amount of costs and expenses, including 22 attorney’s fees based on actual time expended, determined by the court to have been 23 reasonably incurred by the buyer in connection with the commencement and prosecution 24 of such action.” Cal. Civ. Code § 794(d). 25 The Song-Beverly Act “requires the trial court to make an initial determination of 26 the actual time expended; and then to ascertain whether under all the circumstances of the 27 case the amount of actual time expended, and the monetary charge being made for the time 28 expended are reasonable.” Nightingale v. Hyundai Motor America, 31 Cal. App. 4th 99, 1 104 (1994). The court may consider “factors such as the complexity of the case and 2 procedural demands, the skill exhibited, and the results achieved.” Id. If the court finds the 3 time expended or fee request “is not reasonable under all the circumstances, then the court 4 must take this into account and award attorney fees in a lesser amount.” Id. “A prevailing 5 buyer has the burden of showing that the fees incurred were ‘allowable,’ were ‘reasonably 6 necessary to the conduct of the litigation,’ and were ‘reasonable in amount.’” Id. (quoting 7 Levy v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., 4 Cal. App. 4th 807, 816 (1992)); see also Goglin 8 v. BMW of North America, LLC, 4 Cal. App. 5th 462, 470 (2016) (same). If a fee request 9 is opposed, “[g]eneral arguments that fees claimed are excessive, duplicative, or unrelated 10 do not suffice.” Premier Med. Mgmt. Sys. v. Cal. Ins. Guarantee Assoc., 163 Cal. App. 4th 11 550, 564 (2008). Rather, the opposing party has the burden to demonstrate the hours spent 12 are duplicative or excessive. Id. at 562, 564; see also Gorman v. Tassajara Dev. Corp., 178 13 Cal. App. 4th 44, 101 (2009) (“[t]he party opposing the fee award can be expected to 14 identify the particular charges it considers objectionable”). 15 III. DISCUSSION 16 As prevailing buyers, Plaintiffs are entitled to an award of fees and costs under the 17 Song-Beverly Act. See Cal. Civ. Code § 1794(d); see also Goglin, 4 Cal. App. 5th at 470. 18 Here, Plaintiffs move the Court: (1) for an award of attorneys’ fees pursuant to California 19 Civil Code § 1794(d) under the “lodestar” method in the amount of $58,332.50,1 (2) for a 20 “lodestar” modifier of 0.5 under California law, in the amount of $29,166.25, and (3) to 21 award actual costs and expenses incurred in the amount of $29,264.30. Plaintiffs request a 22 total of $116,763.05 in attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses. (Doc. No. 96-1 at 7.) FCA 23 acknowledges Plaintiffs are entitled to recover attorneys’ fees and costs, but argues the 24 amount requested is unreasonable and should be reduced. (Doc. No. 101 at 6.) 25 // 26

27 1 This total amount is slightly modified from Plaintiffs’ briefing to account for the actual time Plaintiffs’ 28 counsel spent on drafting the reply brief in support of the motion for attorneys’ fees. 1 A. Plaintiffs’ Motion for Attorneys’ Fees 2 First, Plaintiffs seek $36,647.50 for work completed by the Knight Law Group 3 (“KLG”) and $21,685.00 for work completed by KLG’s co-counsel, Wirtz Law. (Doc. No. 4 96-1 at 13.) This totals $58,332.50 in attorneys’ fees for both law firms. 5 1. Hours Worked by Counsel 6 A fee applicant must provide time records documenting the tasks completed and the 7 amount of time spent. See Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 424 (1983); Welch v. 8 Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 480 F.3d 942, 945–46 (9th Cir. 2007). Under California law, a 9 court “must carefully review attorney documentation of hours expended” to determine 10 whether the time reported was reasonable. See Ketchum v. Moses, 24 Cal. 4th 1122, 1132 11 (2001) (quoting Serrano v. Priest, 20 Cal.3d 25, 48 (1977)). Thus, evidence provided by 12 the fee applicant “should allow the court to consider whether the case was overstaffed, how 13 much time the attorneys spent on particular claims, and whether the hours were reasonably 14 expended.” Christian Research Inst. v. Alnor, 165 Cal. App. 4th 1315, 1320 (2008). The 15 court must exclude “duplicative or excessive” time from its fee award. See Graciano v. 16 Robinson Ford Sales, Inc., 144 Cal. App. 4th 140, 161 (2006); see also Ketchum, 24 Cal. 17 4th at 1132 (stating “inefficient or duplicative efforts [are] not subject to compensation”). 18 The billing records submitted by KLG indicate that its attorneys expended 96.3 19 billable hours on this case, while Wirtz Law billed 57.10 hours to the matter. (See Doc. No. 20 96-2 at 38; Doc. No. 96-3 at 15.) FCA objects to the reported hours, arguing there was 21 duplication, as well as other excessive rates or time billed. (Doc. No. 101 at 6–12.) In 22 particular, FCA lists numerous objections where billing entries were either excessive, 23 duplicative, or included clerical work. The Court will address each objection below: 24 • FCA disputes three entries totaling $1,210.00 billed by KLG for what 25 Plaintiffs’ counsel offers to the public as a “free evaluation.” (Doc. No. 101 26 at 8.) FCA maintains these entries are undated, and there is no evidence that 27 a fee agreement was even in place when these tasks occurred. (Id.) The Court 28 1 agrees with FCA and in its discretion, will exclude $700.00 from KLG’s 2 recoverable fees. 3 • FCA next takes issue with the $277.50 billed by KLG for work related to 4 Defendant Peck Jeep Eagle. (Doc. No. 101 at 8.) FCA argues there is no 5 reasonable basis for FCA to reimburse Plaintiffs’ counsel for work related to 6 a different defendant who was eventually dismissed. The Court agrees with 7 FCA’s position and will accordingly reduce KLG’s fees by $277.50. 8 • FCA objects to the $1,890.99 billed by attorney Amy Morse of KLG for the 9 5.4 hours spent drafting written discovery. FCA contends Plaintiffs’ counsel 10 propounds the same discovery requests in every lemon law action KLG brings 11 against FCA on behalf of different plaintiffs. (Doc. No. 101 at 8.) While 12 Plaintiffs argue these amounts are reasonable, the Court agrees with FCA that 13 these amounts are slightly excessive particularly given that Amy Morse is a 14 partner at KLG, and this level of work should primarily consist of adapting 15 templates. Thus, the Court, in its discretion, will reduce KLG’s recoverable 16 fees by $900.00. 17 • Similarly, FCA challenges the $2,625.00 billed by Amy Morse for 7.5 hours 18 spent reviewing and analyzing FCA’s “responses to Plaintiffs’ boilerplate 19 discovery requests.” (Doc. No. 96-2 at 32.) As noted above, this amount is 20 unreasonable given that Amy Morse is a partner, and this case is a standard 21 lemon law case. Thus, the Court will reduce KLG’s fees by $1,300.00. 22 • In FCA’s next objection, FCA opposes the $1,755.00 billed by attorney 23 Alistair Hamblin of KLG for drafting Plaintiffs’ motion to remand, which was 24 ultimately denied. (Doc. No. 101 at 9.) Because the Court denied the motion, 25 and because the motion would have been a template-driven exercise, the Court 26 will reduce KLG’s fees by $1,755.00. See Ferrigno v. Philips Elecs. N. Am. 27 Corp., No. C-09-03085 RMW, 2009 WL 10692955, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 5, 28 1 2009) (“Plaintiff seeks to recover reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred as a 2 result of litigating against defendants’ removal. [] Plaintiff’s motion is denied. 3 Because the court has denied the motion to remand, there is no basis upon 4 which to award attorneys’ fees.”). 5 • FCA points out attorney Kristina Stephenson-Cheang of KLG billed $112.50 6 for reviewing a memorandum of Barbara Luna’s deposition. However, 7 Barbara Luna’s deposition occurred at a later date, on April 6, 2018. (Doc. 8 No. 101 at 9.) Plaintiffs explain the description inadvertently stated the wrong 9 deponent, and the description should have named Philip C. (Doc. No. 103 at 10 5.) As such, Plaintiffs’ counsel may recover this amount. 11 • FCA seeks for the Court to exclude $400.00 from KLG’s fees. (Doc. No. 101 12 at 9.) FCA explains attorney Kirk Donnelly of KLG billed $4,280.00 for 10.7 13 hours spent attending Plaintiffs’ depositions, including travel. (Id.) Because 14 KLG block-billed, it is unclear how much of the time was spent on travel 15 versus conducting the deposition. The deposition transcripts, however, 16 indicate that the total combined deposition time for both Plaintiffs was less 17 than five hours. (Id.) Thus, FCA speculates that two hours was spent traveling 18 to and from the deposition based on the mileage indicated on the Bill of Costs. 19 FCA argues that courts routinely reduce the amount recoverable for travel by 20 half, and thus, the Court should reduce the fees by $400.00. This amount 21 represents one hour of travel time at $400/hr. The Court mostly agrees with 22 FCA, but in its discretion, will reduce KLG’s fees by $200.00 to ensure a 23 reasonable rate for travel time. See In re Washington Public Power Supply 24 Sys. Dec. Lit., 19 F.3d 1291, 1298–99 (9th Cir. 1994). 25 • Similarly, attorney Christopher Swanson of KLG billed $3,412.50 for 9.1 26 hours attending the deposition of Plaintiffs’ expert Anthony Micale, including 27 preparation and drafting a memorandum. (Doc. No. 101 at 10.) Because KLG 28 1 block-billed this time, it is unclear much how of the time was spent on travel 2 versus on the deposition, preparation, or deposition. In its discretion, the Court 3 will instead reduce KLG’s fees by $200.00 to ensure a reasonable rate for 4 travel time. 5 • FCA seeks for the Court to exclude the $4,274.00 total billed by attorney 6 Kristina Stephenson-Cheang of KLG for spending significant time reviewing 7 and summarizing depositions for which different attorneys had taken the 8 depositions, and had already drafted memoranda. (Doc. No. 101 at 9–10.) To 9 account for any duplication in effort, the Court will reduce $2,000.00 from 10 KLG’s fees. 11 • Next, FCA disputes (1) the $440.00 billed by partner Steve Mikhov of KLG 12 for “reviewing and auditing and billing,” (2) the $220.00 billed by paralegal 13 Rebecca Evans of Wirtz Law for bates-stamping, (3) the $40.00 billed by 14 paralegal Rebecca Evans of Wirtz Law for printing and assembling motions 15 in limine, and (4) the $225.00 billed by Erin Barns of Wirtz Law for 16 “reviewing and auditing and billing.” (Doc. No. 101 at 11. ) The Court agrees 17 that Plaintiffs’ counsel may not be compensated for purely clerical and 18 administrative tasks. See Castillo-Antionio v. Iqbal, 2017 WL 1113300, at *7 19 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 24, 2017). Thus, these amounts will be excluded from KLG 20 and Wirtz Law’s fees. 21 • FCA also seeks for the Court to exclude the $225.00 billed by partner Amy 22 Rotman of Wirtz Law for attending a pretrial conference for which Richard 23 Wirtz was already in attendance. (Doc. No. 101 at 11.) The Court finds that 24 this rather small amount is not entirely unreasonable, and two attorneys in 25 attendance is not necessarily excessive to keep track of the numerous cases 26 being handled by Plaintiffs’ counsel in the litigation against FCA. Therefore, 27 this amount may be recovered. 28 1 • FCA takes issue with the time billed to draft the briefs in support of Plaintiffs’ 2 motion for attorneys’ fees. First, Wirtz Law billed $1,755.00 for drafting the 3 instant fee motion. (Doc. No. 101 at 11.) Because the motion is largely a 4 template-driven activity, the Court will reduce Wirtz Law’s recoverable fees 5 by $700.00 for the work completed on the motion. As to the reply brief, Wirtz 6 Law billed $4,050 to draft the brief. (Doc. No. 103-3 at 2.) Because counsel 7 has an abundance of experience in drafting replies in lemon law matters, and 8 because the work should have been at least partially template-driven, the 9 Court will reduce the amount recoverable for the reply brief by $2,000.00. 10 Finally, Wirtz Law may not be compensated $1,350.00 for the “anticipated” 11 time for traveling to and appearing for the hearing on instant fee motion. The 12 hearing on this motion was vacated by the Court in its conclusion that the 13 matter was suitable for determination on the papers. (Doc. No. 104.) 14 • Lastly, FCA advocates for a 20% reduction for all time spent on Plaintiffs’ 15 fraud claim, explaining that Plaintiffs did not recover on this claim. (Doc. No. 16 101 at 11–12.) However, FCA cites no authority allowing the Court to reduce 17 counsel’s fees simply because a certain claim was not factored into a 18 settlement. As such, the Court declines to reduce counsel’s fees. 19 In summation, KLG’s total recoverable fee amount is reduced by $5,772.50. This 20 brings KLG’s recoverable fees down to a total of $30,875.00. Wirtz Law’s fees are reduced 21 by $4,515.00. This places Wirtz Law’s fees to a total of $17,170.00. 22 2. Hourly Rates 23 FCA next argues Plaintiffs fail to offer any evidence to support the hourly rates of 24 their counsel for lemon law work. (Doc. No. 101 at 12.) However, the Court is satisfied 25 with the bases for Plaintiffs’ counsels’ hourly rates. Particularly, Plaintiffs provide ample 26 evidence, including surveys of the hourly rates of similar attorneys with similar experience 27 and qualifications. (Doc. No. 96-3 at 18.) Thus, the Court finds the rates cited for all 28 1 attorneys supported by evidence and reasonable. 2 3. Lodestar Calculation 3 The lodestar method calculates attorneys’ fees by “by multiplying the number of 4 hours reasonably expended by counsel on the particular matter times a reasonable hourly 5 rate.” State of Fla. v. Dunne, 915 F.2d 542, 545 n.3 (9th Cir. 1990) (citing Hensley, 461 6 U.S. at 433); see also Laffitte v. Robert Half Int’l Inc., 1 Cal. 5th 480, 489 (2016). 7 LAW FIRM LEGAL PROFRESSIONAL HOURS RATE LODESTAR 8 Knight Law Group Alastair Hamblin 14.8 $325 $4,810.00 Amy Morse 18.3 $350 $6,405.00 9 Asa O. Eaton 2.5 $225 $562.50 10 Christopher Swanson 9.2 $375 $3,450.00 11 Kirk Donnelly 15.2 $400 $6,080.00 12 Kristina Stephenson‐Cheang 22.6 $375 $8,475.00 Russell Higgins 6.7 $450 $3,015.00 13 Steve Mikhov 7.0 $550 $3,850.00 14 Knight Law Group Total $36,647.50 15 16 Wirtz Law Richard M. Wirtz 6.6 $650 $4,290.00 Jessica R. Underwood 0.2 $400 $80 17 Andrea Munoz 3.1 $200 $620.00 18 Rebecca Evans 18.0 $200 $3,600.00 19 Amy R. Rotman 12.70 $450 $5,715.00 20 Erin K. Barns 16.40 $450 $7,380.00 21 Wirtz Law Total $21,685.00

TOTAL $58,332.50

22 23 Here, with no adjustments to the reasonable hourly rates and time, the total amount 24 of fees for both KLG and Wirtz Law is $58,332.50. Taking into account the previously 25 noted reductions, the total lodestar amount is $30,875.00 for KLG’s fees and $17,170.00 26 for Wirtz Law’s fees. Therefore, Plaintiffs’ counsels’ total lodestar amounts is $48,045.00. 27 4. Application of a Multiplier 28 Once a court has calculated the lodestar, “it may increase or decrease that amount 1 by applying a positive or negative ‘multiplier’ to take into account a variety of other factors, 2 including the quality of the representation, the novelty and complexity of the issues, the 3 results obtained, and the contingent risk presented.” Laffitte, 1 Cal. 5th at 504 (citation 4 omitted); see also Ketchum v. Moses, 24 Cal. 4th 1122, 1132 (2001) (indicating the court 5 may adjust the fee award considering “the following factors: (1) the novelty and difficulty 6 of the questions involved, (2) the skill displayed in presenting them, (3) the extent to which 7 the nature of the litigation precluded other employment by the attorneys, (4) the contingent 8 nature of the fee award.”). 9 Here, Plaintiffs seek a 0.5 multiplier based on the risk of taking this case on a 10 contingent fee basis, the substantial costs advanced, the result achieved, and the delay in 11 payment. (Doc. No. 96-1 at 16.) Significantly, however, this case did not present 12 particularly novel or difficult questions of law or fact. Indeed, the issues related to the 13 alleged defect in FCA’s vehicles were addressed in Velasco, et al. v. Chrysler Group LLC, 14 Case No. 2:13–cv–08080–DDP–VBK and Hall v. FCA US LLC, Case No. 1:16-cv-0684- 15 JLT. Thus, the issues presented in this action were not uniquely complex. See Steel v. 16 GMC, 912 F. Supp. 724, 746 (N.J. Dist. 1995) (“the issues in lemon law litigation are not 17 complex and do not require a significant amount of legal analysis or novel pleading”). 18 Additionally, it is highly unlikely that the litigation of this specific case precluded counsel, 19 as lemon law attorneys, from taking on other matters. Finally, the Court finds the 20 contingent nature of the fee award is outweighed by the other factors, especially in this 21 action where the disputed facts and issues to be resolved were minimal. Indeed, there was 22 nothing unusual about this case that would put counsel at great risk for accepting the matter 23 on a contingent basis. Accordingly, the Court declines to award a multiplier and finds the 24 lodestar amount of $48,045.00 as reasonable. 25 B. Plaintiffs’ Request for Costs 26 Plaintiffs request costs in the amount of $29,264.30 in this instant motion for 27 attorneys’ fees. (Doc. No. 96-1 at 23.) FCA states it will contest Plaintiffs’ purported costs 28 and expenses after Plaintiffs properly refile their Bill of Costs in compliance with the Local 1 |}Rules. (Doc. No. 101 at 6.) The Clerk of Court had directed that Plaintiffs’ “Bill of Costs 2 be filed within fourteen days after entry of judgment.” (Doc. No. 98.) As such, the 3 ||Court will defer ruling on Plaintiffs’ cost at this time. Plaintiffs are to refile their Bill of 4 || Costs after entry of judgment. 5 ||IV. CONCLUSION 6 Based upon the foregoing, the Court ORDERS as follows: 7 1. Plaintiffs’ motion for fees is GRANTED in the modified amount of 8 $48,045.00; and 9 2. Plaintiffs must REFILE their Bill of Costs in accordance with Local Rule 10 54.1. 1] 12 IT IS SO ORDERED. 13 ||Dated: November 25, 2020 © 14 Hon. Anthony J. attaglia 15 United States District Judge 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 11