1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JEM D INTERNATIONAL Case No.: 22CV383-GPC(JLB) (MICHIGAN), INC., 12

ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S

Plaintiff, 13 AMENDED MOTION FOR v. TEMPORARY RESTRAINING 14

ORDER AND ISSUING ORDER TO

JJD PRODUCE, LLC, JB RESOURCES,

15 SHOW CAUSE FOR PRELIMINARY

LLC, JOEL BURNS, JORGE

INJUNCTION

16 ALEJANDRO BELTRAN RITZ AND

DIEGO BELTRAN,

17 [Dkt. No. 13.] Defendant. 18

19 Before the Court is Plaintiff’s amended motion for temporary restraining order. 20 (Dkt. No. 13.) Defendant Joel Burns, proceeding pro se, filed an opposition.1 (Dkt. No. 21 22

23 1 In his response, Joel Burns writes “Joel Burns on behalf of all Defendants.” (Dkt. No. 28 at 2.) Joel 24 Burns may only represent himself and not any other defendant in this case. The Court also notes that JJD 25 Produce, LLC and JB Resources LLC may not proceed without counsel. See Rowland v. California Men’s Colony, Unit II Men’s Advisory Council, 506 U.S. 194, 202 (1993) (“lower courts have uniformly 26 held that 28 U.S.C. § 1654, providing that ‘parties may plead and conduct their own cases personally or by counsel,’ does not allow corporations, partnerships, or associations to appear in federal court 27 otherwise than through a licensed attorney.”); see also Eagle Assocs. v. Bank of Montreal, 926 F.2d 1305, 1309-10 (2d Cir. 1991) (partnership not allowed to be represented by non-attorney partner); Civil 28 1 28.) A hearing was held on April 5, 2022. (Dkt. No. 30.) Ray Mason, Plaintiff’s 2 representative, Elizabeth Ellis, Esq. and Michael J. Koesin, Esq. appeared on behalf of 3 Plaintiff and Defendant Joel Burns appeared pro se. 4 Background 5 On March 22, 2022, Plaintiff Jem D International (Michigan) Inc. (“Plaintiff” or 6 “Jem D”) filed a complaint against Defendants JJP Produce LLC (“JJP Produce”), JB 7 Resources LLC (“JB Resources”), Joel Burns (“Burns”), Jorge Alejandro Beltran Ritz 8 (“Ritz”), and Diego Beltran (“Beltran”) (collectively “Defendants”) for failing to 9 maintain statutory trust, failure to make prompt payments of trust funds, unlawful 10 dissipation of trust assets, breach of contract and failure to pay goods sold. (Dkt. No. 1, 11 Compl.) The action is brought under the trust provisions of Section 5(c) of the Perishable 12 Agricultural Commodities Act, (“PACA”), 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c). (Id. ¶ 10.) 13 Jem D is a Canadian corporation registered to do business in Michigan and Texas 14 and is in the business of buying and selling wholesale quantities of perishable agricultural 15 commodities. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Mason Decl. ¶ 4.) It is a produce dealer subject to and 16 licensed under PACA. (Id.; id., Ex. 1.) Defendant JJD Produce is a Nevada limited 17 liability company registered to do business in California with its principal place of 18 business in La Jolla, CA and also in the business of buying and selling wholesale 19 quantities of produce and is a produce dealer subject to and licensed under PACA. (Id. ¶ 20 5; id., Ex. 2.) 21 Between September 30, 2021 and October 28, 2021, Plaintiff sold and delivered to 22 Defendants wholesale quantities of produce worth $65,800.00 that were shipped from 23

24 25 appear in court only through an attorney permitted to practice pursuant to Civil Local Rule 83.3.”). Therefore, corporate defendants must retain counsel in this case. 26 2 The TRO hearing was originally scheduled on March 29, 2022. (Dkt. No. 11.) On the date of the hearing, Defendant Joel Burns filed a motion to reschedule the hearing date due to the short notice of the 27 hearing and the inability to retain counsel. (Dkt. No. 23.) The Court granted the request and rescheduled the hearing to April 5, 2022. (Dkt. No. 24.) 28 1 Plaintiff’s facility in Pharr, Texas to Defendants’ facility in La Jolla, CA. (Id. ¶ 6; id., 2 Ex. 4.) Defendants accepted the produce but have failed to make payment despite 3 repeated demands. (Id.) Plaintiff timely preserved its interest in the PACA trust in the 4 unpaid principal amount of $65,800.00 by issuing invoices with the required statutory 5 language under 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c)(4). (Id. ¶ 8; id., Ex. 4.) 6 Since January 2022, Plaintiff has repeatedly demanded payment of the outstanding 7 balance and Defendants have repeatedly promised to pay the balance but have not. (Id. ¶ 8 10.) In one email dated January 28, 2022, Defendant Burns apologized for the delay and 9 inconvenience and explained that they have been “aggressively trying to collect on 10 payment for these invoices without success . . . and [w]e will be paying you as soon as 11 possible and keep you posted on the exact timing.” (Id.; id., Ex. 5.) Then, on March 8, 12 2022, Defendant Ritz promised that he intended to make a “partial payment” of the 13 balance due but no payment was received. (Id. ¶ 11; id., Ex. 6.) On March 14, 2022, 14 Ritz emailed again stating that a wire payment would be made but no payment was ever 15 made. (Id.) Defendants’ refusal and inability to pay demonstrate that they are failing to 16 maintain sufficient assets in the statutory trust and have dissipated and will continue to 17 dissipate trust assets belonging to Jem D. (Id. ¶ 12.) 18 Pursuant to the Section 5(c) of the PACA, 4 U.S.C. § 499a et seq., on March 23, 19 2022, Plaintiff moved for a temporary restraining order seeking enforcement of the 20 statutory trust and enjoining Defendants from dissipating PACA trust assets. In response, 21 Defendant Joel Burns (“Burns”) does not challenge the relief Plaintiff seeks, does not 22 dispute the amount owed and explains that that Defendants are unable to pay the invoices 23 due to their ability to collect about $170,000 from two customers. (Dkt. No. 28.) Burns 24 also claims that payments from other customers are to be paid to the suppliers of those 25 specific produce. (Id.) Once payments are made into JJD Produce’s bank account based 26 on an arrangement with Jorge Ritz and Joel Burns, the $65,800.00 will be paid. (Id.) 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Discussion 2 The purpose of a TRO is to preserve the status quo before a preliminary injunction 3 hearing may be held; its provisional remedial nature is designed merely to prevent 4 irreparable loss of rights prior to judgment. Granny Goose Foods, Inc. v. Brotherhood of 5 Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers, 415 U.S. 423, 439 (1974). To obtain a TRO or 6 preliminary injunction, the moving party must show: (1) a likelihood of success on the 7 merits; (2) a likelihood of irreparable harm to the moving party in the absence of 8 preliminary relief; (3) that the balance of equities tips in the moving party’s favor; and (4) 9 that an injunction is in the public interest. Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 10 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). Injunctive relief is “an extraordinary remedy that may only be 11 awarded upon a clear showing that the plaintiff is entitled to such relief,” Winter, 555 12 U.S. at 22, and the moving party bears the burden of meeting all four Winter prongs. See 13 DISH Network Corp. v. FCC, 653 F.3d 771, 776-77 (9th Cir. 2011). 14 A. Likelihood of Success on the Merits 15 Plaintiff argues that it has demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits under 16 the provisions of PACA. (Dkt. No. 13-1 at 6-7.) Defendant Burns does not dispute that 17 PACA applies and the amounts sought and indicates his intent to pay the amounts due. 18 (Dkt. No. 28.) 19 “Congress enacted PACA in 1930 to prevent unfair business practices and promote 20 financial responsibility in the fresh fruit and produce industry.” S & H Packing & Sales 21 Co., Inc. v. Tanimura Distrib., Inc., 883 F.3d 797, 802 (9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted). 22 “In 1984, PACA was amended to address the uncertain financial arrangements created by 23 dealers receiving goods without payment. A statutory trust was provided by Congress 24 under PACA on behalf of suppliers and sellers that were unpaid.” Grimmway Enters., 25 Inc. v. PIC Fresh Global, 548 F. Supp. 2d 840, 846 (E.D. Cal. 2008). 26 PACA provides for the establishment of a statutory trust “in which a produce 27 dealer holds produce-related assets as a fiduciary until full payment is made to the 28 produce seller or producer.” Bowlin & Son, Inc. v. San Joaquin Food Serv., 958 F.2d 1 938, 939 (9th Cir. 1992). “The trust automatically arises in favor of a produce seller 2 upon delivery of produce and is for the benefit of all unpaid suppliers or sellers involved 3 in the transaction until full payment of the sums owing has been received.” C & E 4 Enters., Inc. v. Milton Poulos, Inc., 947 F.2d 1351, 1352 (9th Cir. 1991); 7 U.S.C. § 5 499e(c)(2); 7 U.S.C. § 46.46(c). “Dealers violate PACA if they do not pay promptly and 6 in full for any perishable commodity in interstate commerce.” Grimmway Enters., Inc.,, 7 548 F. Supp. 2d at 846 (citing 7 U.S.C. § 499b(4)). 8 The PACA Trust is a nonsegregated “floating” trust comprised of (a) “perishable 9 agricultural commodities received in all transactions,” (b) “all inventories of food and 10 other products derived from such perishable agricultural commodities,” and (c) “all 11 receivables or proceeds from the sale of such commodities and food or products derived 12 therefrom.” 7 C.F.R. § 46.46(b); 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c)(2). PACA provides the district 13 courts with jurisdiction “specifically to entertain (i) actions by trust beneficiaries to 14 enforce payment from the trust, and (ii) actions by the Secretary to prevent and restrain 15 dissipation of the trust.” 7 U.S.C. § 499e(5). 16 Here, Plaintiff is subject to a PACA trust as a licensed produce “dealer” of 17 agricultural commodities and has preserved its ability to enforce the benefits of PACA by 18 providing the required statutory language on its invoices. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Mason Decl. ¶¶ 19 4, 8); 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c)(3). Defendants are also “dealers” subject to and licensed under 20 PACA. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Mason Decl. ¶ 5); 7 U.S.C. §§ 499a(b)(6).3 Between September 21 22 23 3 “(6) The term ‘dealer’ means any person engaged in the business of buying or selling in wholesale or jobbing quantities, as defined by the Secretary, any perishable agricultural commodity in interstate or 24 foreign commerce, except that (A) no producer shall be considered as a ‘dealer’ in respect to sales of 25 any such commodity of his own raising; (B) no person buying any such commodity solely for sale at retail shall be considered as a ‘dealer’ until the invoice cost of his purchases of perishable agricultural 26 commodities in any calendar year are in excess of $230,000; and (C) no person buying any commodity other than potatoes for canning and/or processing within the State where grown shall be considered a 27 ‘dealer’ whether or not the canned or processed product is to be shipped in interstate or foreign commerce, unless such product is frozen or packed in ice, or consists of cherries in brine, within the 28 1 30, 2021 and October 28, 2021, Plaintiff sold and delivered to Defendants produce in the 2 amount of $65,800.00. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Mason Decl. ¶ 6.) When Plaintiff delivered the 3 produce to Defendants, it became a beneficiary in a statutory trust designed to assure 4 payment. 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c)(2). Despite repeated demands, Defendants have not paid 5 the amounts due. (Dkt. No. 13-2, Mason Decl. ¶ 6.) Therefore, Plaintiff has 6 demonstrated a likelihood of success on the merits for Defendants’ failure to comply with 7 the trust provisions of PACA. 8 B. Likelihood of Irreparable Harm 9 Plaintiff maintains that it will be irreparably harmed because Defendants have 10 already indicated that they do not have sufficient funds to pay Plaintiff because they are 11 having issues collecting their receivables and this threat of dissipation of trust assets 12 supports irreparable harm. (Dkt. No. 13-1 at 8.) Defendant Burns does not challenge this 13 factor. 14 Congress recognized there is irreparable harm if PACA trust assets are dissipated 15 because it is nearly impossible for a beneficiary to obtain recovery once there has been 16 dissipation from the trust. H.R. Rep. No. 98–543 (1983); Tanimura & Antle, Inc. v. 17 Packed Fresh Produce, Inc., 222 F.3d 132, 139-140 (3d Cir. 2000) (“We also find that 18 PACA trust dissipation in this case constitutes irreparable harm” because “once the 19 PACA trust is dissipated, it is almost impossible for a beneficiary to obtain recovery.”); 20 Rey Rey Produce SFO, Inc. v. Mis Amigos Meat Market, Inc., No C 08–1518 VRW, 2008 21 WL 1885738, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 24, 2008) (finding evidence of prior bounced checks 22 and unfulfilled promises to pay established irreparable injury element for a TRO under 23 PACA). “A showing of threatened trust dissipation amounts to a showing of a possibility 24 of irreparable injury.” Rey Rey Produce SFO, Inc., 2008 WL 1885738, at *2. 25 26

27 and (C) may elect to secure a license under the provisions of section 499c of this title, and in such case 28 1 As such, district courts have routinely held that dissipation of PACA trust assets 2 constitutes irreparable harm. See CP Produce, LLC v. Quality Fresh Farms, Inc., No. 3 1:18–cv–00077–DAD–EPG, 2018 WL 1980749, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 19, 2018) 4 (“District courts in the Ninth Circuit have regularly found TROs warranted in the PACA 5 context, and routinely conclude that the prospect of statutory trust assets being depleted 6 constitutes irreparable injury.”); Inn Foods Inc. v. Turner Mead LLC, No. C 07–00649, 7 2007 WL 484781 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 9, 2007) (“[I]t appears Plaintiff will suffer immediate 8 and irreparable injury due to said Defendant's dissipation of Plaintiff's interest in the 9 statutory trust created pursuant to 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c) and that such dissipation will 10 continue in the absence of injunctive relief.”). 11 Here, because Defendants lacked any funds to make even partial payments to 12 Plaintiff suggests that the trust assets have been or are being dissipated. Accordingly, 13 Plaintiff has demonstrated irreparable harm to support injunctive relief. 14 C. Balance of Equities 15 Plaintiff maintains that the balance of equities weighs in its favor because it is 16 merely asking the status quo be maintained by requiring Defendants to satisfy their 17 fiduciary duties as trustees of the PACA trust. (Dkt. No. 13-1 at 8-9.) Defendant Burns 18 does not oppose this factor. (Dkt. No. 28.) 19 Plaintiff is statutorily entitled to a trust in the proceeds of any sales from the 20 products it shipped until the outstanding invoices are paid in full. 7 U.S.C. § 499e(c)(2). 21 Defendant Burns has not demonstrated any hardship he will suffer by being forced to not 22 dissipate trust assets. Accordingly, the balance of equities weighs in favor of Plaintiff. 23 D. Public Interest 24 Plaintiff argues that injunctive relief is in the public interest because PACA was 25 enacted to protect the public interest which Defendant Burns does not challenge. (Dkt. 26 No. 13-1 at 9; Dkt. No. 28.) 27 Congress specifically enacted PACA recognizing that the “burden on commerce in 28 perishable agricultural commodities” is “contrary to the public interest.” 7 U.S.C. § 1 499e(c)(1); Tanimura & Antle, Inc., 222 F.3d at 135 (“In particular, Congress intended to 2 protect small farmers and growers who were especially vulnerable to the practices of 3 financially irresponsible commission merchants, dealers, and brokers.”). Therefore, 4 granting a TRO would serve the public interest. 5 E. Bond 6 Plaintiff asks that no bond be imposed because Defendants already have 7 $65,800.00 worth of trust assets of Plaintiff as security for the imposition of injunctive 8 relief. (Dkt. No. 13-2 at 9.) 9 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65 provides that a court may only issue a TRO “if 10 the movant gives security in an amount that the court considers proper to pay the costs 11 and damages sustained by any party found to have been wrongfully enjoined or 12 restrained.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(c). Because Defendants have not disputed the $65,800.00 13 due and owed, and they have made no showing of any hardship, the Court concludes no 14 bond or security is required of Plaintiff. 15 Conclusion 16 Based on the reasoning above, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for a 17 temporary restraining order. IT IS HEREBY: 18 ORDERED, that Plaintiff’s Motion for Temporary Restraining Order is 19 GRANTED; and it is further 20 ORDERED, that Defendants appear and show cause before this Court at Room 2D, 21 United States District Court for the Southern District of California, 221 West Broadway, 22 San Diego, California 92101 on April 19, 2022 at 3:00 p.m. why an order should not be 23 issued pursuant to Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure preliminarily 24 enjoining the Defendants, their customers, agents, employees, officers, directors, 25 subsidiaries, parents, related entities, assigns, banking institutions, and money transfer 26 service institutions, during the pendency of this action, from alienating, dissipating, 27 paying over or assigning any assets of Defendant JJD Produce, or its subsidiaries, parent, 28 or related companies, including but not limited to JB Resources, except for payment to 1 Plaintiff, until further order of this Court or until Defendants pay Plaintiff the amount of 2 $65,800.00 by bank check or wire transfer, at which time this Order is dissolved; and it is 3 further 4 ORDERED, that, sufficient reason having been shown therefore, pending the 5 hearing of Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction, pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 65, 6 Defendants, their customers, agents, employees, officers, directors, subsidiaries, related 7 entities, assigns, banking institutions, and money transfer service institutions, who 8 receive actual notice of this order by personal service or otherwise, are temporarily 9 enjoined and restrained from alienating, dissipating, paying over or assigning any assets 10 of JJD Produce, or its subsidiaries, parent, or related companies, including but not limited 11 to JB Resources, except for payment to Plaintiff, until further order of this Court or until 12 defendants pay Plaintiff the amount of $65,800.00 by bank check or wire transfer, at 13 which time this Order is dissolved; and it is further 14 ORDERED that in the event Defendants fail to pay Plaintiff the amount of 15 $65,800.00 by bank check or wire transfer, then at least three (3) business days prior to 16 the hearing on Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Defendants shall file with 17 this Court, with a copy to Plaintiff’s counsel, an accounting which identifies the assets 18 and liabilities and accounts receivable reports of JJD Produce signed under penalty of 19 perjury; and Defendants shall also supply to Plaintiff’s counsel any and all documents in 20 their possession, custody or control related to the assets and liabilities of JJD Produce and 21 its related, parent and subsidiary companies, including but not limited to JB Resources, 22 such documents to include, but not be limited to, the most recent balance sheets, 23 profit/loss statements, accounts receivable reports, accounts payable reports, accounts 24 paid records and bank statements with cancelled checks for the last 90 days; and it is 25 further 26 ORDERED that bond shall be waived in view of defendants now holding 27 $65,800.00 worth of Plaintiff’s assets; and it is further 28 l ORDERED that service of a copy of this order and the papers upon which it is 2 || based, together with the summons and complaint, by Federal Express or other nationally 3 ||recognized overnight delivery service upon the Defendants at their business address of 4 ||7514 Girard Ave., Suite 1215, La Jolla, California 92037 on or before April 7, 2022, 5 be deemed good and sufficient service thereof; and it is further 6 ORDERED that Defendants shall file an opposition to the preliminary injunction 7 || with the Court and serve to Plaintiff's counsel on or before April 14, 2022. 8 IT IS SO ORDERED. 9 Dated: April 5, 2022 2 10 Hon. tks Ck 11 United States District Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28