1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 11 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 13 MARTIA E. JOHNSON, Case No.: 21-cv-1563 W (JLB)

14 Plaintiff,

ORDER GRANTING IN PART

15 v. PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR

ATTORNEY’S FEES AND COSTS

16 MIDLAND CREDIT MANAGEMENT, [DOC. 11]

INC.,

17 Defendant. 18 19 20 21 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Martia E. Johnson’s motion for attorney’s fees 22 and costs. Defendant Midland Credit Management, Inc. opposes. 23 The Court decides the matter on the papers submitted and without oral argument. 24 See Civ. L.R. 7.1(d.1). For the following reasons, the Court GRANTS IN PART the 25 motion [Doc. 11] and AWARDS Plaintiff $2,037.50 in fees and $402. in costs. 26 // 27 // 28 1 I. INTRODUCTION 2 On September 3, 2021, Plaintiff filed a lawsuit against Defendant Midland Credit 3 Management, Inc., for violating the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U.S.C. §1692 4 et seq. (“FDCPA”). (See Compl. [Doc. 1].) On November 12, 2021, Defendant 5 submitted an Offer of Judgment for “$1,100.00 plus reasonable attorneys’ fees and 6 taxable costs” to Plaintiff’s counsel. (See Pl’s Notice of Acceptance [Doc. 8], Ex. A 7 (“Offer of Judgment”).) Plaintiff accepted the Offer of Judgement and filed a Notice of 8 Acceptance. (Id.) On November 23, 2021, the Clerk of the Court entered judgment in 9 favor of Plaintiff and against Defendant in the amount of $1,100.00 plus reasonable cost 10 and attorney’s fees. (See Clerk’s Judgment [Doc. 10].) 11 After Plaintiff accepted Defendant’s Offer of Judgement, the parties attempted to 12 reach an agreement on Plaintiff’s attorney’s fees. Because the parties were unable to 13 agree, Plaintiff has filed a motion for attorney’s fees. Defendant opposes the motion. 14 15 II. ANALYSIS 16 The FDCPA requires the payment of costs and reasonable attorney fees to a 17 successful consumer. 15 U.S.C. §1692(k)(a)(3). The language of the FDCPA makes an 18 award of attorney fees mandatory. Camacho v. Bridgeport Fin. Inc., 523 F.3d 973, 978 19 (9th Cir. 2008). 20 The lodestar method is the prevailing method for calculating an attorney’s fees 21 award. Robertson v. Fleetwood Travel Trailers of California, Inc., 144 Cal.App.4th 785, 22 818-819 (2006); Ketchum v. Moses, 24 Cal.4th 1122, 1135 (2001) (endorsing the 23 lodestar method as the prevailing method for statutory fee awards); Morales v. City of 24 San Rafael, 96 F.3d 359, 363 (9th Cir. Cal. 1996). The evaluation of the lodestar requires 25 the Court “to make an initial determination of the actual time expended; and then to 26 ascertain whether under all the circumstances of the case the amount of the actual time 27 expended and the monetary charge being made for the time expended are reasonable.” 28 Robertson, 144 Cal.App.4th at 817 (quoting Nightingale v. Hyundai Motor America, 31 1 Cal.App.4th 99, 104 (1994)). In determining the reasonableness of the lodestar, courts 2 can consider the complexity of the case, procedural demands, the skill exhibited, and the 3 results achieved. Id. 4 Here, there is no dispute Plaintiff prevailed by accepting Defendant’s offer of 5 judgment. Plaintiff is, therefore, entitled to an award of reasonable attorney fees. 6 Plaintiff’s counsel seeks $4,387.50 in attorneys’ fees and $402 in costs. 7 (Itemization of Fees & Costs [Doc. 11-1] 2:22–26; Figueroa Decl. [Doc. 11-21] ¶¶ 9, 10.) 8 The requested amount is based on 10.8 hours of attorney time billed at a $375 hourly rate, 9 and 2.7 hours of paralegal time billed at $125 hourly rate. (Itemization of Fees & Costs 10 1:18–2:20; Figueroa Decl. ¶ 9.) This includes 2.9 hours of attorney time and 1 hour of 11 paralegal time incurred in drafting the motion for attorneys’ fees. (Itemization of Fees & 12 Costs 2:18–20.) Defendant argues the fee award should be reduced for a number of 13 reasons. 14 Defendant argues that under the terms of the Offer of Judgement, Plaintiff’s 15 attorney’s fee award is limited to fees and costs incurred as of the date the offer. (Opp’n 16 [Doc. 12] 12:9–23.) In Guerrero v. Cummings, 70 F.3d 1111 (9th Cir. 1995), the Ninth 17 Circuit held that the terms of a Rule 68 offer limiting an attorney fee award to the date of 18 the offer is binding if the limitation is “clear and unambiguous.” Id. at 1113. 19 Here, Defendant’s Offer of Judgment limited Plaintiff to “reasonable attorneys’ 20 fees incurred and costs accrued to the date of this offer ....” (Offer of Judgment ¶ 1.) 21 Accordingly, Plaintiff may not recover fees and costs incurred after November 12, 2021. 22 (See Item. Of Fees & Costs 2:6–20.) 23 Defendant next challenges the 4.6 hours Plaintiff’s counsel billed to drafting the 24 Complaint. Defendant contends the time is excessive because the “Complaint belies an 25 ‘assembly line approach’ and is nearly identical [to] other filed complaints.” (Opp’n 26

27 1 The actual title of the document is “Itemization of Attorneys’ Fees and Costs,” which is the same title 28 1 11:12–14.) In support of this argument, Defendant provides two exhibits comparing the 2 Complaint in this case to complaints Plaintiff’s counsel filed in other FDCPA cases. (See 3 Kelly Decl. [12-1] Ex. 1 [Doc. 12-2] & Ex. 2 [Doc. 12-3].) 4 As an initial matter, it is important to point out that given the numerous attorney 5 fee motions reviewed by this Court, 4.6 hours for drafting any important pleading or 6 motion is not a significant amount of time. Moreover, contrary to Defendant’s argument, 7 Plaintiff’s counsel did not bill 4.6 hours to simply drafting the Complaint. Rather, 4.6 8 hours was billed to reviewing the client’s file, evaluating the causes of action, and 9 drafting and finalizing the pleading. (Item. Of Fees & Costs 1:18–23.) Additionally, 10 Defendant’s exhibits comparing the Complaint with pleadings filed in two other cases do 11 not establish that 4.6 hours is excessive. Exhibit 1 compares the Complaint filed in this 12 case (on September 3, 2021) with a complaint filed nearly three months later (on 13 November 22, 2021) in the Central District of California. (See Kelly Decl., Ex. 1.) At 14 best, Exhibit 1 may suggest that the complaint filed on November 22, 2021 was simply a 15 copy of the Complaint filed in this case. As for Exhibit 2—which compares the 16 Complaint in this case with a complaint filed in the Central District of California in 17 2020—the exhibit indicates there were significant changes between the two pleadings, 18 particularly with regard to the causes of action. (See Kelly Decl., Ex. 2.) While this 19 lawsuit only involved claims under the FDCPA, the 2020 complaint also included claims 20 under California’s Rosenthal Act. (Id.) As a result, Exhibit 2 supports an inference that 21 rather than simply copy the 2020 pleading, Plaintiff’s counsel spent time evaluating 22 which causes of action to assert and ultimately eliminated the Rosenthal Act causes of 23 action from this case. For these reasons, the Court finds the 4.6 hours spent on tasks 24 related to preparing the Complaint is reasonable. 25 Defendant’s also challenge the time billed by the paralegal on the basis that it 26 represents “purely clerical tasks” that are not properly billable. (Opp’n 10:3–27.) The 27 tasks at issue involving: filing the Complaint; drafting the waiver of summons and 28 emailing it to opposing counsel with the Complaint; and filing the waiver of summons. 1 (Item. Of Fees & Costs 1:24, 1:27–2:3. ) These tasks are not “purely clerical.” See 2 Kham Singmoungthong v. Astrue, 2011 WL 2746711 (E.D.Cal. 2011) (allowing 3 recovery of time billed to “[f]iling documents with the Court and reviewing service 4 documents”). Thus, the Court will allow the 1.3 paralegal hours billed to these tasks. 5 Defendant also argues Plaintiff’s attorney and paralegal rates are too high and 6 should be reduced from $375 to $275 per hour, and $120 to $90 per hour, respectively. 7 (Opp’n 8:3–10:2, 15:1–9.) Defendant’s argument is based on rates approved in cases 8 from as far back as 2016, 2018 and 2020. (Id. 9:19–26.) Given the efficiency with which 9 Plaintiff’s counsel litigated this case, the Court finds the rates charged are reasonable. 10 Finally, Defendant objects to Plaintiff’s fees on the basis that some portion of the 11 time billed was performed by an Illinois attorney who is neither licensed in California nor 12 in this District. (Opp’n 6:6–15, 6:23–7:27.) 13 In general, an attorney who “appears” in a case but is not licensed to practice in the 14 state and has not appeared pro hac vice may not recover fees. See Winterrowd v. 15 American General Annuity Ins. Co., 556 F.3d 815 (9th Cir. 2009). An attorney “appears” 16 in a case by arguing in court, signing briefs or having significant contact with the client 17 and counsel. Id. at 823–24. However, an attorney does not “appear” in a case by drafting 18 briefs, which are then submitted for review to counsel who is admitted to practice in the 19 state. Id. at 824; see also Kham Singmoungthong, 2011 WL 2746711, *4 (allowing 20 recovery for out-of-state attorney who provided drafts of briefs to California attorney). 21 Here, given the limitation in the Offer of Judgment, Plaintiff’s counsel may only 22 seek reimbursement for tasks related to preparing documents filed with the Court. 23 Specifically, the only tasks performed before the Offer of Judgment was made involved 24 reviewing the client materials, determining the causes of action, and drafting the 25 complaint; emailing Defendant’s counsel regarding the Waiver of Summons; and 26

27 2 The paralegal also performed other tasks after the Offer of Judgment and, therefore, are disallowed on 28 1 ||reviewing Defendant’s Answer and Affirmative Defense. (Item. Of Fees & Costs 1:18— 2 ||2:5.) The record establishes that all documents filed on behalf of Plaintiff, such as the 3 ||Complaint, were signed by California counsel, not the Illinois attorney. (See Compl.) 4 || Additionally, even assuming the Illinois attorney sent the email regarding the Waiver of 5 ||Summons, the Court finds it was not sufficient contact with defense counsel to constitute 6 ||an appearance. Because any work by the Illinois attorney in drafting documents filed in 7 Court did not constitute an appearance, Plaintiff may seek recovery for that time. 8 For the above reasons, the Court finds Plaintiff is entitled to recover all fees and 9 || costs incurred before the Offer of Judgement, as follows: $1,875 in attorney fees (5 hrs x 10 $375); $162.50 for paralegal fees (1.3 x $125); and costs of $402. 11 12 || TIT. CONCLUSION & ORDER 13 For the reasons set forth above, the Court GRANTS IN PART Plaintiff's motion 14 || for attorney’s fees [Doc. 11] and AWARDS Plaintiff $2,439.50 in attorney’s fees and 15 || costs. 16 IT IS SO ORDERED. 17 ||Dated: April 6, 2022 \ 8 pe lnLor 19 Hn. 7 omas J. Whelan 0 Unted States District Judge 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28