1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 H.A., a minor, by Mnshed Almahmodi, Case No.: 20-cv-02149-NLS his guardian ad litem, 12

ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO

Plaintiff, 13 CONFIRM MINOR’S v. COMPROMISE 14

CITY OF LA MESA, et al., 15 [ECF No. 54] Defendants. 16 17 Before the Court is the parties’ Joint Motion to Confirm Minor’s Compromise. 18 ECF No. 43. On May 26, 2022, the Court approved the parties’ request to consent to 19 Magistrate Judge jurisdiction over the case. ECF No. 58. After due consideration, the 20 Court GRANTS the Motion to Confirm Minor’s Compromise. 21 I. BACKGROUND 22 Plaintiff H.A., a minor, brings this lawsuit against Defendants arising from an 23 incident at Murray Manor Elementary School on August 29, 2019. ECF No. 27 at ¶ 22. 24 Plaintiff’s father, Mnshed Almahmodi, has been appointed as his guardian at litem. ECF 25 No. 54-1 at ¶ 4, Ex. 1. Plaintiff, who has been diagnosed with Down’s syndrome, was 26 eleven years old at the time and a special-education student. ECF No. 27 at ¶ 1. Plaintiff 27 alleges that he was permitted to leave the classroom of his teacher, Defendant Manjari 28 1 Khanal, that morning and exit the school building, without anyone from the school 2 noticing. Id. at ¶ 23. Plaintiff alleges that he was stopped once he reached the sidewalk, 3 but by that time, Defendant Gina Miller, who was the principal of the school, had called 4 the La Mesa Police Department. Id. at ¶ 24. 5 Police officer defendants Matt Nicholass, David Willis, Danny Sandlin, Michael 6 Willeford, and William Keys arrived at the scene. Id. at ¶ 25. Plaintiff alleges that they 7 were notified that he was a special-needs student and exhibited common physical features 8 of Downs Syndrome. Id. In addition, Plaintiff alleges that he had no weapons and did 9 not pose any threat to himself or others. Id. at ¶ 26. Despite this, Plaintiff alleges that the 10 officers physically subdued him and placed him in handcuffs, and kept him in them even 11 after his father arrived. Id. at ¶¶ 26-28. 12 As a result of this incident, Plaintiff claimed to suffer physical injuries on his 13 wrists from the handcuffing, which lasted two weeks. ECF No. 54. Plaintiff also 14 claimed to suffer from emotional injuries, including being traumatized by the incident, 15 feeling anxious, afraid, and unable to be alone, and developing a deep fear of police 16 officers. ECF No. 27 at ¶ 29. These residual issues manifested in Plaintiff wetting his 17 bed and being unable to sleep alone. Id. 18 After the incident, Plaintiff’s primary care physician diagnosed him with an 19 adjustment reaction from the incident and counseled psychotherapy for him. ECF No. 20 54-1 at ¶ 5. Plaintiff’s father had to pay out of pocket for treatment which was not 21 covered by insurance and had to take time off work to care for Plaintiff who could not be 22 left alone. Id. at ¶ 6. Since the incident, many of Plaintiff’s symptoms, such as 23 bedwetting and sleeping alone, have improved, but he still suffers from an intense fear of 24 police and was diagnosed by a child psychologist, Dr. Calvin Colarusso, with lasting 25 impacts from the incident and has been recommended desensitization therapy. Id. at ¶ 7, 26 9-10, Ex. 2. 27 28 1 On January 19, 2022, Magistrate Judge Jill L. Burkhardt held a mandatory 2 settlement conference and settled the case. ECF No. 52. The Court subsequently set a 3 briefing schedule to confirm the minor’s compromise. ECF No. 54. On March 9, 2022, 4 the parties filed this instant motion and Magistrate Judge Nita L. Stormes was assigned to 5 review the Minor’s Compromise. ECF Nos. 54, 55. 6

II. LEGAL STANDARD

7 “District courts have a special duty, derived from Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 17(c), to safeguard the interests of litigants who are minors.” Robidoux v. Rosengren, 9 638 F.3d 1177, 1181 (9th Cir. 2011). Rule 17(c) provides that a district court “must 10 appoint a guardian ad litem—or issue another appropriate order—to protect a minor . . . 11 who is unrepresented in an action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c)(2). “In the context of proposed 12 settlements in suits involving minor plaintiffs, this special duty requires a district court to 13 ‘conduct its own inquiry to determine whether the settlement serves the best interests of 14 the minor.’” Robidoux, 638 F.2d at 1181 (quoting Dacanay v. Mendoza, 573 F.2d 1075, 15 1080 (9th Cir. 1978)); see also Salmeron v. United States, 724 F.2d 1357, 1363 (9th Cir. 16 1983) (“Thus, a court must independently investigate and evaluate any compromise or 17 settlement of a minor’s claims to assure itself that the minor’s interests are protected, 18 even if the settlement has been recommended or negotiated by the minor’s parent or 19 guardian ad litem”). 20 In this district, pursuant to Civil Local Rule 17.1, “[no] action by or on behalf of a 21 minor . . . will be settled, compromised, voluntarily discontinued, dismissed or terminated 22 without court order or judgment. All settlements and compromises must be reviewed by 23 a magistrate judge before any order of approval will issue.” Civ. L. R. 17.1(a). In 24 addition, any “[m]oney or property recovered by a minor or incompetent California 25 resident by settlement or judgment must be paid and disbursed in accordance with 26 California Probate Code Section 3600, et seq.” Id. (b)(1). 27 28 1 District courts should “limit the scope of their review to the question whether the 2 net amount distributed to each minor plaintiff in the settlement is fair and reasonable in 3 light of the facts of the case, the minor’s specific claim, and recovery in similar cases.” 4 Robidoux, 638 F.3d at 1181-82. “[T]he district court should evaluate the fairness of each 5 minor plaintiff’s net recovery without regard to the proportion of the total settlement 6 value designated for the adult co-plaintiffs or plaintiffs’ counsel—whose interests the 7 district court has no special duty to safeguard.” Id. at 1182. “So long as the net recovery 8 to each minor plaintiff is fair and reasonable in light of their claims and average recovery 9 in similar cases, the district court should approve the settlement as proposed by the 10 parties.” Id. 11

III. DISCUSSION

12 The parties have settled the case for a total of $103,750.00, apportioned between 13 the defendants as follows: 14 Defendant Amount 15 City of La Mesa; Walter Vasquez; Matt Nicholass; David Willis; $70,000.00 16 Danny Sandlin; Michael Willeford; William Keys 17 La Mesa-Spring Valley School District; Gina Miller; Manjari $33,750.00 18 Khanal 19

20 ECF No. 54 at 4-5. As required, the Court will evaluate the fairness of the amount and 21 whether the attorney’s fees portion of their settlement is appropriate. 22 A. Proposed Settlement Amount 23 The parties propose that the settlement amount of $103,750.00, minus medical and 24 legal fees, would go to Plaintiff, to be disbursed to Plaintiff’s parents for his immediate 25 care. First, expert medical expenses that have been incurred to evaluate and diagnose 26 Plaintiff’s injuries will be deducted from Plaintiff’s settlement amount. ECF No. 54 at 5. 27 Plaintiff includes a copy of Dr. Colarusso’s invoice for $14,999.00 but Plaintiff’s counsel 28 1 negotiated a discount, for a total of $12,599.00 to be deducted from the settlement 2 amount for this medical expense. ECF No. 54-1 at ¶ 15, Ex. 4. Second, legal expenses 3 will be deducted from Plaintiff’s settlement amount—these fees were paid for in advance 4 by Plaintiff’s counsel: 5 Legal Expense Amount 6 Court filing fees $316.36 7 Service of Process Fees $699.31 8 Investigator Fees $2096.45 9 Translator (Arabic) fees for ENE/CMC $1435.00 10 Medical Records Fee $6.50 11 Mileage Fees $65.52 12 Court report fees/deposition costs $19972.61 13 Police Practices Expert Fees $7687.50 14 Defense Expert Deposition Fees $1475.00 15 Total: $33,754.25 16 17 ECF No. 54-1 at ¶ 17, Ex. 6. 18 As to the manner of distribution, the parties propose that the settlement amount 19 available to Plaintiff be disbursed to his parents, to be held and used in his best interests, 20 as determined in the sound discretion of his parents. ECF No. 54 at 7. Plaintiff contends 21 that given Plaintiff’s diagnosis and prognosis, immediate access to the funds would 22 benefit him in receiving needed treatment and caregivers. Id. In addition, even as 23 Plaintiff moves into adulthood, his parents will remain responsible for his care. Id. 24 The Court finds that the total amount of the settlement and reimbursement of the 25 medical and legal expenses to be fair and equitable under the circumstances. In addition, 26 the Court finds that the manner of distribution to be satisfactory in light of Plaintiff’s 27 diagnosis and dependency on his parents going forward. Accordingly, the Court 28 1 approves of Plaintiff receiving $103,750.00 as the settlement amount, minus $12,599 in 2 medical fees to Dr. Colarusso and $33,754.25 in legal costs/expenses. 3 B. Attorney’s Fees 4 Next, the Court turns to the issue of attorney’s fees. As to the minors, district 5 courts in California apply California law to evaluate calculations of attorney’s fees for 6 minor plaintiffs. See A.G.A. v. Cty. of Riverside, No. EDCV 19-00077-VAP (SPx), 2019 7 WL 2871160, at *3 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2019). In the Southern District of California, 8 Local Rule 17.1 states, “[n]o action by or on behalf of a minor . . . will be settled . . . 9 without court order or judgement. All settlements and compromises must be reviewed by 10 a magistrate judge before any order of approval will issue.” CivLR 17.1. The rule also 11 states that “money or property recovered by a minor . . . by settlement or judgment must 12 be paid and distributed in accordance with California Probate Code Section 3600, et seq.” 13 Id. California Probate Code Section 3601 requires courts to approve “reasonable 14 expenses . . . including . . . attorney’s fees.” Further, California Rules of Court 7.955 15 states that “[i]n all cases under . . . Probate Code sections 3600-3601, unless the court has 16 approved the fee agreement in advance, the court must use a reasonable fee standard 17 when approving and allowing the amount of attorney’s fees payable from money or 18 property paid or to be paid for the benefit of a minor or a person with a disability.” Cal. 19 Rules of Court 7.955(a)(1); see id. 7.955(b) (listing factors to consider in determining 20 reasonable fees). 21 Per Plaintiff’s fee agreement with his counsel, counsel would be entitled to 40% of 22 any recovery from the case, should it proceed past discovery. ECF No. 54-1 at ¶ 16, Ex. 23 5. However, Plaintiff’s counsel states that he is seeking 30% of the gross settlement as 24 attorney’s fees. Id. 25 After review, the Court agrees that the 30% fee is reasonable for this type of case 26 and settlement result. Accordingly, 30% of Plaintiff’s recovery would be paid as 27 attorney’s fees, which equates to $31,125.00. 28 // 1 IV. CONCLUSION 2 For the foregoing reasons as discussed above, the Court APPROVES the 3 || settlement agreement. 4 Consistent with the agreement, Plaintiff will receive $103,750.00 as the settlement 5 ||amount, minus $12,599.00 in medical fees to Dr. Colarusso and $33,754.25 in legal 6 || costs/expenses. The Court also approves attorney’s fees at 30% of Plaintiff's recovery, 7 || which equates to $31,125.00. In summary, the settlement proceeds will be distributed as 8 || follows: °

16 The parties shall implement the settlement in accordance with the terms of the 17 || Agreement. In addition, the parties shall file a Joint Motion to Dismiss this action within 18 || 14 days after the date of this Order.! 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20 ||Dated: June 3, 2022 Np J 72 Hon. Nita L. Stormes 33 United States Magistrate Judge 24 25 26 27 28 ‘Tf the parties require more time to effectuate the settlement, they may request that the Court extend this deadline.