1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 5 6 CAHUENGA ASSOCIATES II, Case No.: 22-cv-0307-L-MDD

7 Plaintiff,

IN ADMIRALTY

8 v.

ORDER DIRECTING VESSEL SALE

9 M/Y GOLD DUST, U.S.C.G. OFFICIAL

AND AUTHORIZING CREDIT BID

NO. 1074076, a 1998 SILVERTON 10 AND GRANTING EX PARTE

MOTOR YACHT OF

MOTION FOR ORDER

11 APPROXIMATELY 39-FEET IN

PERMITTING REPLACEMENT OF

LENGTH AND 14.1-FEET IN BEAM,

12 ZINCS ON DEFENDANT VESSEL

AND ALL OF HER ENGINES,

13 TACKLE, ACCESSORIES, [ECF Nos. 14, 15]

EQUIPMENT, FURNISHINGS, AND

14 APPURTENANCES, in rem, 15 Defendant. 16 17 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff Cahuenga Associates II’s (“Plaintiff”) 18 unopposed motion for interlocutory vessel sale and authorization to credit bid. (ECF No. 19 14.) Also before the Court is Plaintiff’s ex parte motion for order permitting replacement 20 of zincs on the Defendant Vessel. (ECF No. 15.) The Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 21 28 U.S.C. § 13333. The Court decides the matter on the papers submitted and without 22 oral argument. See Civ. L. R. 7.1(d.1). For the reasons stated below, the Court grants 23 both motions. 24 I. BACKGROUND 25 A. Factual Background 26 Plaintiff, a California limited partnership, operates a marina in San Diego, 27 California. (ECF No. 1, at 2.) The Defendant Vessel is a 39-foot Silverton motor yacht 28 documented by the United States Coast Guard under Official Number 1074076. (Id.) It 1 is believed that Robert Trout maintained an ownership interest in the Defendant Vessel. 2 (Id.) On January 4, 2020, Trout executed a Contract for Private Wharfage (“Wharfage 3 Contract”) under which Plaintiff provided wharfage and other maritime services for the 4 benefit of the Defendant Vessel. (Id.) The last payment Plaintiff received for the sums 5 due under the Wharfage Contract was in September of 2021 and thus the account for 6 Defendant Vessel fell into arrears in August 2021. (Id.) Plaintiff attempted to reach 7 Trout telephonically concerning arrearages but was unsuccessful. (Id.) Plaintiff 8 thereafter was informed that Trout passed away. (Id. at 3.) 9 Either party was entitled to terminate the Wharfage Contract by providing the 10 other party with at least thirty days advance written notice. (See ECF No. 1-2, at 10.) On 11 November 10, 2021, Plaintiff sent the “Estate of Robert Trout” and Thomas Trout, who 12 Plaintiff believed to be Trout’s brother, a letter notifying the addressees that Plaintiff 13 elected to terminate the Wharfage Contract effective December 14, 2021. (Id.) 14 Plaintiff’s counsel spoke with Thomas Trout on February 14, 2022, and agreed to defer 15 legal action until February 21, 2022, to permit Thomas Trout an opportunity to consult 16 with counsel. (Id.) Plaintiff’s counsel never heard from Thomas Trout or his counsel. 17 (Id.) 18 As of February 21, 2022, wharfage fees attributable to the Defendant Vessel total 19 no less than $11,115.80. (Id.) Wharfage fees are continuing to accrue at the marina’s 20 rate of $3.00 per foot of vessel length per day, which comes to $117.00 per day for the 21 39-foot Defendant Vessel. (ECF No. 5, at 2.) 22 B. Procedural Background 23 On March 7, 2022, Plaintiff filed a Verified Complaint against the Defendant 24 Vessel and all of her engines, tackle, accessories, equipment, furnishings and 25 appurtenances, in rem for vessel arrest, interlocutory sale, and money damages for breach 26 of maritime contract, trespass, and quantum meruit. (ECF No. 1, at 1.) This Court issued 27 an order authorizing the arrest of the Defendant Vessel and appointing Plaintiff as 28 Substitute Custodian on March 25, 2022. (ECF Nos. 5, 6.) The order appointing Plaintiff 1 as substitute custodian provided that Plaintiff provide certain services for the safekeeping 2 and preservation of the Defendant Vessel. (ECF No. 5, at 2–3.) Taking any action 3 necessary beyond those detailed in the order requires permission from the Court. (Id. at 4 2.) Default was entered against the Defendant Vessel on October 26, 2022, (ECF No. 5 13), and Plaintiff brought the present motion on October 28, 2022, (ECF No. 14). 6 Plaintiff then brought an ex parte motion for an order permitting the replacement of zincs 7 on the Defendant Vessel pursuant to the Court’s order appointing Plaintiff as substitute 8 custodian. (ECF No. 15.) 9 II. DISCUSSION 10 A. Interlocutory Sale 11 “The interlocutory sale of a vessel is not a deprivation of property but rather a 12 necessary substitution of the proceeds of the sale, with all of the constitutional safeguards 13 necessitated by the in rem process.” Ferrous Fin. Servs. Co. v. O/S Arctic Producer, 567 14 F. Supp. 400, 401 (W.D. Wash. 1983). The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 15 Supplemental Rules for Admiralty or Maritime Claims provide that upon application of a 16 party having custody of the subject property, the Court may order the property sold if the 17 property is “liable to deterioration” while in custody pending the action, “there is an 18 unreasonable delay in securing the release of the property,” or if “the expense of keeping 19 the property is excessive or disproportionate.” Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. R. E(9)(a).1 The 20 applicant is required to satisfy one of the three listed criteria to justify an interlocutory 21 sale. Cal. Yacht Marina—Chula Vista, LLC v. S/V OPILY, No. 14-CV-01215-BAS BGS, 22 2015 WL 1197540, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 16, 2015) (citing Merchants Nat’l Bank of 23 Mobile v. Dredge Gen. G. L. Gillespie, 663 F.2d 1338, 1341 (5th Cir. Unit A Dec. 24 1981)). Plaintiff moves for interlocutory sale on all three grounds. (See ECF No. 14-1, at 25 12–19.) 26 27 28 1 Plaintiff first argues that as the Defendant Vessel’s “machinery, equipment and 2 general condition deteriorate [while in custody], her value is commensurately 3 decreasing.” (ECF No. 14-1, at 13.) To support this contention, Plaintiff submits a 4 declaration from Ray Jones, a licensed yacht broker of 42 years who has sold thousands 5 of vessels and offered expert opinion in dozens of cases involving arrested vessels. (ECF 6 No. 14-2, at 1–3.) Jones stated that “vessels inevitably deteriorate in condition and value 7 over time,” especially when, as in this case, the vessel sits idle for extended periods in 8 salt water. (Id. at 3.) Based upon Jones’s testimony, the Court finds that the Defendant 9 Vessel is liable to deterioration within the meaning of Rule E(9)(a) while in custody 10 pending this action. See Bartell Hotels v. S/L Talus, 445 F. Supp. 3d 983, 987–88 (S.D. 11 Cal. 2020) (relying on Jones’s testimony to conclude that a vessel sitting idle in salt water 12 is liable to deterioration); California Yacht Marina—Chula Vista, LLC, 2015 WL 13 1197540, at *3 (same); Shelter Cove Marina, Ltd. v. M/Y Isabella, Case No. 17cv1578- 14 GPC-BLM, 2017 WL 5906673, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 30, 2017) (same). 15 Next, Plaintiff argues that since the Defendant Vessel’s arrest there has been no 16 effort to secure its release which has resulted in an unreasonable delay. (ECF No. 14-1, 17 at 16.) “Courts generally allow at least four months for the provision of a bond to secure 18 the release of a vessel before granting an interlocutory sale on grounds of unreasonable 19 delay.” GB Cap. Holdings, LLC v. S/V Glori B, No. 18CV312-WQH-AGS, 2019 WL 20 277387, at *4 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 22, 2019) (citing Vineyard Bank v. M/Y Elizabeth I, 21 U.S.C.G. Off. No. 1130283, No. 08CV2044 BTM WMC, 2009 WL 799304, at *2 (S.D. 22 Cal. Mar. 23, 2009)), aff'd sub nom. GB Cap. Holdings, LLC v. Heston, 802 F. App'x 304 23 (9th Cir. 2020). 24 The Defendant Vessel was arrested on March 29, 2022, over seven months before 25 Plaintiff filed the instant motion. (See ECF No. 8.) The record does not show any 26 attempt to secure the Defendant Vessel’s release since. Thus, the Court finds that there 27 has been an unreasonable delay within the meaning of Rule E(9)(a). See Bartell Hotels, 28 445 F. Supp. 3d at 988 (finding a delay of almost six months unreasonable); Ferrous Fin. 1 Servs. Co., 567 F. Supp. at 401 (finding no attempt to secure vessel’s release within four 2 months of arrest was unreasonable delay). 3 Finally, Plaintiff argues that the cost of keeping the Defendant Vessel in custody is 4 excessive and disproportionate. (ECF No. 14-1, at 17.) Plaintiff presents evidence that 5 while the Defendant Vessel is in custody, wharfage fees will continue to accrue in an 6 amount not less than $3,710.00 per month. (Id. at 18.) Plaintiff also presents evidence 7 that the fair market value of the Defendant Vessel is $67,500.00. (Id.) “Maintenance 8 expenses of several thousand dollars per month, particularly where [no attempt has been 9 made] to answer Plaintiff’s Complaint or secure the Vessel’s release, are excessive and 10 disproportionate.” Vineyard Bank, 2009 WL 799304, at *2. Accordingly, the Court finds 11 that the cost of keeping the Defendant Vessel in custody is excessive and 12 disproportionate under Rule E(9)(a). See Cal. Yacht Marina—Chula Vista, LLC, 2015 13 WL 1197540, at *4 (holding accrued costs of $6,000.00 per month in custodial fees 14 excessive and disproportionate to vessel’s $12,000.00 fair market value); GB Cap. 15 Holdings, LLC, 2019 WL 277387, at *4 (holding accrued costs of $2,430.00 per month 16 excessive and disproportionate to vessel’s $6,000.00 fair market value). 17 In light of the Defendant Vessel’s likelihood of deterioration, the unreasonable 18 delay in securing its release, and the excessive and disproportionate cost of keeping it in 19 custody, the Court finds interlocutory sale warranted under Rule E(9)(a) and grants 20 Plaintiff’s motion in this regard. 21 B. Authorization to Credit Bid 22 Plaintiff asks the Court to authorize a credit bid at the Defendant Vessel’s auction 23 up to the lien amount in the Verified Complaint ($11,115.80) to be established by 24 affidavit, plus its actual and demonstrable costs of suit, including U.S. Marshal, substitute 25 custodian, and other custodia legis expenses to be calculated through the date of sale. 26 (ECF No. 14-1, at 19–20.) Plaintiff asserts that as the only maritime lien claimant, it is 27 by definition senior to all other claims in this action. (Id. at 19.) 28 Under the Civil Local Rules, 1 When the court determines on the merits that a plaintiff or plaintiff in intervention has a valid claim senior in priority to all other parties, that 2 plaintiff in intervention foreclosing a properly recorded and endorsed 3 preferred mortgage on, or other valid security interest in the vessel may bid, without payment of cash, certified check or cashier’s check, up to the total 4 amount of the secured indebtedness as established by affidavit filed and 5 served on all other parties no later than seven (7) days prior to the date of sale. 6

7 Civ. L.R. E.1(e)(2). There is nothing in the record to indicate that a party aside 8 from Plaintiff has asserted any maritime lien claim against the Defendant Vessel. 9 It follows that Plaintiff has a valid claim senior in priority to all other parties and 10 thus the Court finds it appropriate to grant Plaintiff’s request to credit bid at the 11 Defendant Vessel’s auction. 12

III. CONCLUSION

13 Based on the foregoing, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for 14 interlocutory sale and credit authorization as follows: 15 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that, consistent with Rule E(9)(b) and Civil 16 Local Rule E.1(e) the United States Marshal be and hereby is directed and 17 empowered to sell said Defendant Vessel and her engines, tackle, accessories, 18 equipment, furnishings and appurtenances, as is, where is, at public sale at the first 19 available time and date, after having first caused notice of said sale to be published 20 daily in a newspaper of general circulation within the City of San Diego, California 21 for at least seven days immediately before the date of sale; and 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that such public notice specify the date, time 23 and location for the sale of the Defendant Vessel; and 24 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, consistent with Civil Local Rule 25 E.1(e)(2), such public notice specify that the last and highest bidder at the sale will 26 be required to deposit with the U.S. Marshal a certified check or a cashier’s check 27 in the amount of the full purchase price not to exceed $500, and otherwise $500 or 28 1 ten percent (10%) of the bid, whichever is greater, and that the balance, if any, of 2 the purchase price shall be paid by certified check or cashier’s check before 3 confirmation of the sale or within three days of dismissal of any opposition which 4 may have been filed, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays; and 5 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that any proceeds of said sale shall be held 6 by the United States Marshal or deposited by the United States Marshal in the 7 Registry of this Court, pending further order of this Court; and 8 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff, having a secured maritime lien 9 interest in the Defendant Vessel pursuant to the Commercial Instruments and 10 Federal Maritime Lien Act (46 U.S.C. §§ 31301–31343) and being the only 11 claimant in this action asserting a maritime claim against her, is authorized 12 pursuant to Civil Local Rule E.1(e)(2) to credit bid at the auction of the Defendant 13 Vessel, without payment of cash, a sum equal to its secured interest in the 14 Defendant Vessel, consisting of the lien amount specified in Plaintiff’s Verified 15 Complaint ($11,115.80), plus its actual costs of suit through the date of the sale, 16 including U.S. Marshal, substitute custodian, and other custodia legis expenses, 17 with such costs and expenses to be calculated at the rates specified and authorized 18 in the Order Appointing Substitute Custodian and Authorizing Movement of 19 Defendant Vessel and this Order. However, as Plaintiff’s maritime necessaries lien 20 interest in the Defendant Vessel does not, as a matter of law, include attorneys’ 21 fees, such fees are not to be included in any credit bid Plaintiff makes; and 22 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that should Plaintiff elect to credit bid, it 23 shall file and serve any appearing parties with its Notice of Intent to Credit Bid no 24 later than seven (7) days prior to the date of the sale of the Defendant Vessel, as 25 required by Civil Local Rule E.1(e)(2); and 26 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, pursuant to Civil Local Rule E.1(e)(2), that 27 if within three days of the auction date, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal 28 holidays, no written objection is filed, the sale shall stand confirmed as of course, 1 || without the necessity of any affirmative action thereon by a judge, except that no 2 shall stand confirmed until the buyer has complied fully with the terms of the 3 || purchase. 4 Furthermore, the Court GRANTS Plaintiffs ex parte motion for an order 5 || permitting the replacement of zincs on Defendant Vessel based on Plaintiff's 6 || evidence that such replacement is necessary to preserve and protect the Defendant 7 || Vessel. Plaintiff is permitted to replace the zincs on Defendant Vessel at a rate not 8 exceeding the usual and customary rates prevailing in the Port of San Diego. 9 IT IS SO ORDERED. 10 11 || Dated: April 14, 2023 fee oop 13 H . James Lorenz, 14 United States District Judge

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