I. BACKGROUND

22 In this subrogation action, Plaintiff, an insurance company, sues Defendant to 23 recover funds paid to its insured. (Compl. ¶¶ 1–2, Ex. A to Cools Decl., ECF No. 1-2.) On 24 February 10, 2022, the insured individual’s home sustained extensive fire and smoke 25 damage. (Id. ¶¶ 5, 13.) Plaintiff alleges that the damage was due to the insured individual’s 26 2020 Land Rover vehicle (“Subject Vehicle”), which allegedly failed and started a fire. (Id. 27 ¶ 3.) 28 1 Plaintiff filed its Complaint in state court, and Defendant removed to federal court. 2 (ECF No. 1.) Defendant then answered (ECF No. 2), and the parties proceeded to 3 discovery. The Magistrate Judge issued a scheduling order (ECF No. 13), which was 4 subsequently amended (ECF No. 18). The amended scheduling order sets an April 24, 2023 5 deadline to amend the pleadings. (Id.) On April 19, 2023, Plaintiff moved to amend its 6 Complaint to add three new defendants—Jaguar Land Rover Limited, the Holman Group, 7 and Synes Cadillac, Inc. (ECF No. 20.) 8 II. LEGAL STANDARD 9 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 15(a)(2) governs consideration of the 10 present motion for leave to amend.1 “[A] party may amend its pleading only with the 11 opposing party’s written consent or the court’s leave. The court should freely give leave 12 when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). “This policy is ‘to be applied with 13 extreme liberality.’” See Eminence Cap., LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1051 (9th 14 Cir. 2003) (quoting Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc., 244 F.3d 708, 712 (9th Cir. 15 2001)). Further, “[t]his liberality . . . is not dependent on whether the amendment will add 16 causes of action or parties.” DCD Programs, Ltd. v. Leighton, 833 F.2d 183, 186 (9th Cir. 17 1987). 18 III. ANALYSIS 19 “The court should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires.” Fed. R. 20 Civ. P. 15(a)(2). But the court need not grant leave where the amendment: (1) prejudices 21 the opposing party, (2) is sought in bad faith, (3) produces an undue delay in litigation, 22 (4) is futile, or (5) follows other amendments. See W. Shoshone Nat’l Council v. Molini, 23 951 F.2d 200, 204 (9th Cir. 1991). 24 25 26 1 When an amendment requires modification of a scheduling order, Rule 16(b) also applies. Fed. 27 R. Civ. P. 16(b)(4). But in this case, Plaintiff filed its Motion prior to the scheduling order’s pleading amendment deadline. (ECF Nos. 18, 20.) As a result, Rule 16(b) does not apply, and the Court considers 28 1 In this case, Plaintiff seeks to add three new parties to the litigation. It submits that 2 proposed amendment is based on “new information that Plaintiff has learned since the 3 || filing of its original complaint.” (Mot. 2.) It further asserts that Defendant “only recently, 4 April 3, 2023, [] in its discovery responses raised a defense that the cause of the fire 5 || could be related to a failure to maintain,” which “necessit[ated] the need to amend to add 6 ||the new parties.” (/d. at 8.) Defendant contests these factual assertions. (Opp. 4.) In 7 particular, Defendant asserts Plaintiff “had all information necessary to identify the 8 manufacturer of the Subject Vehicle prior to filing this lawsuit” and Plaintiff's suggestion 9 || that Defendant raised a failure to maintain defense for the first time in discovery “is simply 10 || not correct.” Ud. at 4-5.) 11 Defendant, however, does not explain how these factual quibbles affect the factors 12 |/relevant to a motion to amend. Even if Plaintiff could have identified the parties earlier, 13 Court discerns no prejudice to Defendant, bad faith, undue delay in litigation, futility, 14 || or previous amendments. Defendant is “opposed to leave being granted premised on the 15 suggestion or claim that [Defendant] has sandbagged or failed to disclose information that 16 || was uniquely within [Defendant’s] knowledge or control.” (/d. at 5-6.) But Rule 15(a) does 17 require Plaintiff to show sandbagging or a failure to disclose. In the absence of 18 || prejudice to Defendant, bad faith, undue delay, futility, and other amendments, Rule 15(a) 19 requires the Court to freely grant leave. See Eminence Cap., 316 F.3d at 1053. As such, the 20 || Court finds no reason to deny leave under Rule 15’s extremely liberal standard. 21 CONCLUSION 22 The motion for leave to file a first amended complaint (ECF No. 20) is GRANTED. 23 || Plaintiff must file a first amended complaint on or by August 14, 2023. 24 IT IS SO ORDERED. 25 / yy 26 || DATED: July 31, 2023 as rd A 5 Liha 6 27 United States District Judge 28

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